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目的分析总结韶关市65年来疟疾流行动态和特征,评价防控措施和效果,为消除疟疾后阶段的监测提供科学依据。方法收集1950-2014年韶关市疟疾发病情况、控制措施及防治效果资料,分析评价不同阶段疟疾流行特点和防治措施实施效果。结果 1950-2014年共报告疟疾899 064例,年均发病率为390.64/10万,有2次流行高峰,分别是1954、1963年,发病率分别为7 292.10/10万、1 129.20/10万;主要传播媒介为微小按蚊,以间日疟流行为主;防制过程分为初级防治、控制流行、基本消灭、监测巩固达到消除4个阶段,每个阶段均采用相应的防治措施,疟疾年发病率由从1954年的7 292.10/10万降至1984年的10/10万以下,且已连续9年未发现本地感染病例。表明在不同阶段采取的防治措施可行有效。结论韶关市疟疾防治达到国家消除标准,但输入性病例不容忽视,应完善长效防控机制,加强流动人口的疟疾监测与管理,及时发现病人并有效处置,巩固消除成果。
Objective To analyze and summarize the dynamics and characteristics of malaria epidemics in Shaoguan City in the past 65 years and evaluate the prevention and control measures and their effects so as to provide a scientific basis for eliminating the post-malaria stage surveillance. Methods The incidence of malaria, control measures and prevention and treatment data in Shaoguan from 1950 to 2014 were collected to analyze and evaluate the characteristics of malaria epidemic and the effect of prevention and treatment measures in different stages. Results A total of 899 064 cases of malaria were reported from 1950 to 2014, with an average annual incidence of 390.64 / lakh. There were two epidemic peaks, which were 1954 and 1963 respectively, the incidence rates were 7 292.10 per 100,000 and 1 129.20 per 100,000 respectively ; The main media was Anopheles minimus, with the main epidemic of vivax malaria; the control process was divided into primary prevention and control, epidemic control, basic elimination, monitoring and consolidation to eliminate four stages, each stage using the appropriate prevention and treatment measures, malaria The annual incidence rate dropped from 7 292.10 per 100,000 in 1954 to below 10 million in 1984, and no local infection was found for 9 consecutive years. It shows that the control measures taken in different stages are feasible and effective. Conclusion The malaria control in Shaoguan City has reached the standard of national elimination. However, the imported cases should not be neglected. Long-term prevention and control mechanisms should be perfected, malaria monitoring and management of floating population should be improved, patients should be found in a timely manner and be disposed of effectively to consolidate and eliminate the results.