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古建筑潜在火灾风险的评估对古建筑火灾防控有重要意义。以西安市回民街古建筑为例,基于实地调研识别出古建筑火灾风险的评估要素,并构建包括古建筑特征、火灾危险源、建筑消防设施、消防管理能力、火灾处理能力等5个一级指标和18个二级指标的古建筑火灾风险评价指标体系。同时,通过引入主、客观偏好系数,将基于AHP和熵权法分别计算得到的权重进行线性加权,得到风险评价指标的综合权重,并构建模糊综合评价模型。运用该评价模型对西安市回民街进行火灾风险评估,其评估等级为Ⅳ级,表明火灾危险性为较危险。通过具体分析5个一级评价指标得分,发现需要在古建筑特征、建筑消防设施以及火灾处理能力等方面进一步改善和提高,从而降低风险等级。该评价模型评价指标权重确定更为客观,可适用于多数古建筑,对科学防控古建筑火灾有重要参考意义。
The assessment of the potential fire risks of ancient buildings is of great significance to the prevention and control of fires in ancient buildings. Taking the ancient buildings of Muslim Street in Xi’an as an example, the assessment elements of ancient buildings’ fire risk were identified based on the field investigation and five levels including the characteristics of ancient buildings, fire hazard sources, building fire-fighting facilities, fire-fighting management capabilities and fire-fighting capabilities were constructed Indicators and 18 second-level indicators of the ancient building fire risk assessment index system. At the same time, the weights weighted by AHP and entropy weight method are linear weighted by introducing the main and objective preference coefficients, and the comprehensive weight of the risk evaluation index is obtained, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is constructed. Using this evaluation model to carry out a fire risk assessment on the Muslim Street in Xi’an, the assessment rating is Grade IV, indicating that the fire risk is more dangerous. By analyzing the five first-level evaluation indicators, we found that we need to further improve and enhance the ancient architectural features, fire-fighting facilities and fire-fighting capabilities of our buildings so as to reduce the risk level. The evaluation model to determine the weight of indicators more objective, applicable to most ancient buildings, the scientific prevention and control of ancient buildings have important reference fire.