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小麦叶锈病是世界麦区普遍发生的病害。以2008年采集于河北省的29个隐匿柄锈菌(小麦叶锈病菌)单孢子堆分离菌系为试验材料,利用39个小麦抗叶锈近等(单)基因系和7个UP-PCR(Universally Primed PCR)引物对其进行毒性多态性和分子多态性分析。7个UP-PCR引物共检测出48条条带,其中多态性条带41条,多态性百分率为85.42%,表明UP-PCR在隐匿柄锈菌中扩增多态性较高;经聚类分析,遗传相似系数为0.69–0.90,在相似系数0.72处,29个叶锈菌株聚为6组,体现了隐匿柄锈菌菌株间的亲缘关系和差异性,表明UP-PCR技术可用于小麦叶锈病菌群体遗传多样性研究。在物种水平上,隐匿柄锈菌观察等位基因数(Na)为1.85,有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.29,Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)为0.19,Shannon信息指数(I)为0.31,多态位点百分率(P)为85.42%,表明隐匿柄锈菌遗传多样性丰富,其中沧州的群体遗传多样性水平最高,群体内多样性大于群体间多样性。聚类分析表明沧州和石家庄的病菌群体亲缘关系最近,邢台与石家庄的群体亲缘关系最远。隐匿柄锈菌UP-PCR多态性与毒性多态性间无明显相关性,且两者均与地理来源无相关性。
Wheat leaf rust is a common disease in wheat fields in the world. In this study, 29 isolates of single rust spores of Puccinia triticina (Triticum aestivum L.) collected from Hebei Province in 2008 were used as experimental materials. Twenty-nine UP-PCR (Universally Primed PCR) primers were used to analyze the polymorphisms and molecular polymorphisms. A total of 48 bands were detected by 7 UP-PCR primers, of which 41 bands were polymorphic with a percentage of 85.42%, which indicated that UP-PCR had a higher amplification polymorphism in Puccinia recondita Cluster analysis showed that the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.69-0.90. At the similarity coefficient of 0.72, 29 leaf rusts clustered into 6 groups, which reflected the genetic relationship and difference between the strains of Puccinia striiformis, indicating that UP-PCR can be used in Study on Genetic Diversity of Wheat Leaf Rust. At the species level, the number of alleles (Na) was 1.85, the number of effective alleles (Ne) was 1.29, the Nei’s gene diversity index (H) was 0.19, and Shannon’s information index (I) was 0.31 , And the percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 85.42%, which indicated that the genetic diversity of Puccinia recondita was rich. Among them, Cangzhou had the highest genetic diversity, and the diversity within populations was larger than that between populations. Cluster analysis showed that the germ-line groups in Cangzhou and Shijiazhuang were the most closely related, and the groups in Xingtai and Shijiazhuang were the most distant. There was no significant correlation between UP-PCR polymorphism and virulence polymorphism of Puccinia striiformis, both of which had no correlation with geographical origin.