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一、重点单词
1. upset
【考纲释义】 vt. 使心烦意乱；搅乱 adj.
混乱的；心烦意乱的；倾覆的 n. 翻倒；倾覆；混乱，搅乱；心烦意乱；(肠胃)不舒服
【备考实例】 All the members of the club felt ________ about the result of the competition. It couldn’t be worse.
A. upsetB. satisfied
C. worriedD. nervous
【考点解析】 句意“俱乐部的全体成员为比赛的结果感到难过。再没有比这更糟糕的了。”upset可用作形容词，表示“难过的；心烦的”，构成搭配be upset about sth.“为某事心烦；为某事难过”。答案为A。
【知识拓展】 be upset about 为……感到心烦 upset oneself 感到心烦 upset the balance of 打破……的平衡
2. guarantee
【考纲释义】 vt. 担保；保证 n. 担保物；抵押物；保证书
【备考实例】 We cannot ________ the punctual arrival of train in foggy weather.
A. guardB. guarantee
C. judgeD. value
【考点解析】 句意“在多雾的天气里，我们无法保证火车准时到达。”答案为B。guarantee意为“保证；确保”，符合题意。Guard意为“守卫；保卫”，judge意为“判断；判决”，value意为“珍视；看重”。
【知识拓展】guarantee sb. against / from 保证某人不受 guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人保证guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事 guarantee sth. to be 保证某物是 guarantee that… 保证……
3. gather
【考纲释义】 vi. & vt. 集合；聚集；采集
【备考实例】 The general ________ all the soldiers before him, telling them to get ready for the fight.
A. collectedB. gathered
C. selectedD. elected
【考点解析】 句意“将军把所有的士兵召集在面前，告诉他们准备战斗。”gather意为“聚集；集合”，符合句意，答案为B。
【知识拓展】 gather in 收割（庄稼）；集拢 gather round 聚集在……周围 gather together 集合；集聚；收集 gather up 收集；拾起；概括
4. rate
【考纲释义】 n. 价格；费用；速度；效率
【备考实例】 It isn’t much of a car, but at any ________ it is not expensive.
A. rateB. caseC. wayD. degree
【考点解析】句意“这辆车不怎么好，但不管怎样，它不贵。”答案为A，at any rate意为“无论如何；不管怎样”，符合句意。
【知识拓展】at this / that rate 照此情形；如此下去 at any rate 无论如何；不管怎样；至少
5. overcome
【考纲释义】 vt. 战胜；克服
【备考实例】 So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to ________ the difficulty.
A. satisfyB. disappoint
C. overcomeD. smooth
【考点解析】 句意“只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到方法去战胜困难。”答案为C，overcome意为“战胜；克服”，多指战胜或克服非物质的东西，如困难和不良习惯等。
【知识拓展】overcome, conquer, win和beat辨析 overcome意为“克服、战胜”，指成功地战胜某人或某物，现在多用于非物质性的东西。conquer 意为“征服、战胜“，含有暗指胜利的意思，但主要强调征服自然或用武力控制失败方或占领失败方的领土等。也可以用于体力、智力、以及道德力量控制了某人或克服了某些困难等。win意为“在……获胜”，它后面常接战斗、比赛、辩论、选举、奖品、奖牌等。后面不以人作宾语。beat意为“战胜”，主要用于运动、比赛等方面战胜对手。后面可以接人。
6. sacrifice
【考纲释义】 n. & vt. 牺牲；奉献
【备考实例】 People sometimes seek their political power at the ________ of their wives and children.
A. risk B. charge C. sacrifice D. price
【考点解析】 句意“有时人们以自己的妻儿为代价去追求政治权利。”at the sacrifice of意为“以……为代价”，符合句意，答案为C。
【知识拓展】 at a sacrifice 亏本出售 at the sacrifice of 以……为代价 make all sacrifices不惜一切代价 make a sacrifice for 为……作出牺牲 sacrifice… for / to 为……而牺牲
7. insist
【考纲释义】 vt. 坚持；坚持认为
【备考实例】 She insisted that she______someone in the house and that a policeman ________to make sure.
A. hear; be called in
B. heard; was called in
C. hear; was called in
D. heard; be called in
【考点解析】句意“她坚持认为她听到了房子里有人并坚持要求去叫一名警察来确认。”insist作“坚持要，一定要”解时，后接宾语从句，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“（should）＋动词原形”；当作“坚持认为；坚持说”时，则其后宾语从句中的谓语动词用陈述语气。答案为D。
【知识拓展】insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事
8. resist
【考纲释义】 vt. 抵抗；对抗；忍住
【备考实例】 The dolls were so lovely that I couldn’t resist ________one for my daughter.
A. buyingB. to buying
C. to buyD. being bought
【考点解析】句意“这些玩具太可爱了，我禁不住给女儿买了一个。”couldn’t resist doing sth意为“忍不住做某事”，答案为A。
【知识拓展】 resist doing sth 抗拒做某事；忍住不做某事 can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事 can’t help but do 禁不住做
9. supply
【考纲释义】 n. 供应；供给；供应品 vt. 供应；提供
【备考实例】 A pipeline will be built to ________ some eastern provinces with natural gas from the west of China.
A. send B. sellC. supply D. offer
【考点解析】 句意“将铺建管道把中国西部的天然气供应到东部省份。”考查搭配supply .. with sth. “向……供应某物”。答案为C。
【知识拓展】 in short supply 缺乏；供应不足 a supply of ＝supplies of 大量的 supply and demand 供求关系 supply sth. to sb. 向某人供应某物 supply sb. with sth. 向某人供应某物 provide sb. with sth. 向某人供应某物 provide sth. for sb. 向某人供应某物
二、重点短语
1. look into 调查；观察
The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse. 政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题。
It was rather a shock to look into these matters and discover that the fault was mine. 调查这些事情使我大吃一惊，我发现原来这是我的错。
【知识拓展】 look about / around 环顾；仔细观察 look after照看；照管 look for寻找 look up向上看；查找 look out注意; 当心 look down upon / on看不起 look forward to盼望, 期待
2. cool off 变凉；冷却；冷静
It’s too hot to think. I need to find someplace to cool off. 热得我都没法思考。我需要找个地方凉快凉快。
I hope the two countries will cool off a bit, or there will be a war. 我希望两个国家都冷静一点，否则将有一场战争。
【知识拓展】cool down 凉快起来； 渐渐冷却；使平静； 使冷静 remain / keep cool 保持凉爽； 保持冷静
3. every now and then常常，不时地
While he was walking home, he looked back every now and then. 当他朝家走的时候，他不时地回头往后看。
Every now and then, we’ll meet with some new words during our reading. 在阅读过程中，我们常常会碰上新单词。
【知识拓展】表示“不时地”含义的词还有：(a little) now and (a little) then; from time to time; occasionally; sometimes
4. aim at 针对；瞄准；目的在于。例如：
Nowadays some people always aim at money. 现在一些人总是一切向钱看。
We should aim at doing something useful to the society. 我们应当志在做一些对社会有益的事情。
Those girls worked out every morning, aiming at losing weight. 那些女孩子每天早晨锻炼是为了减肥。
5. in honour of 为了纪念、庆祝、庆贺、欢迎
The monument was erected in honour of the soldiers who died for the country. 这座纪念碑是纪念为国牺牲的士兵而建立的。
In honour of your moving out of the twenties, we are giving you a marvelous birthday party. 为庆祝你跨入三十岁，我们准备了一个盛大的生日宴会。
【知识拓展】 do sb. honour / do honour to sb. 向某人致敬 put sb. on his honour 使某人以人格担保 do sb. the honour of / have the honour of / to 给某人……之荣幸
6. in vain 徒然；枉然
The police tried in vain to break up the protest crowds. 警察企图驱散抗议的人群，但没有成功。
We tried in vain to make him change his mind. 我们想使他改变主意，结果是白费心机。
7. take a chance / take chances 碰运气；投机；冒险一试
Under the rules of the game, you really never know. You have to take a chance!在这个游戏规则下，你真的永远不会预知结果。你只能去碰运气！
Have you been to Lijiang, Yunnan? I haven’t been there yet, but I surely take a chance to go and live there for a week, just for a good play. 你去过云南丽江吗？我还没去过，我一定要找个机会去，在那儿住上一星期，好好游玩。
【知识拓展】 by chance 偶然，无意中 by any chance 万一，也许 by some chance 由于偶然的机会 Chances are that… 很可能……，大概是……
8. in turn 依次；反过来
Students clean classroom in turn everyday. 学生们每天轮流打扫教室。
The theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论的基础是实践，又转过来为实践服务。
【知识拓展】out of turn 不按顺序地 take turns 轮流 by turns 轮流；交替 take a turn 起变化
三、重点句型
1. should引导的虚拟倒装句
【课文原句】 Should you feel the urge to pack your bags and explore what the world has to offer, you might want to consider one of the destinations below. 如果你有要打点行装去探究世界的愿望，或许你会考虑以下这些目的地中的一个。
【经典考例】 ________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2007湖北)
A. Would you beB. Should you be
C. Could you be D. Might you be
【考点解析】 答案为B。当if条件状语从句中含有助动词were, had或should时，可以省去if，将were, had或should提到主语前面，构成倒装句。本题正常句序是If you should be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
2. 过去分词短语做状语
【课文原句】 Located in southern Austria, Kitzbuhel is a paradise for skiers. 基茨布厄尔位于奥地利南部，是滑雪运动爱好者的天堂。
【经典考例】 ________ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.（2007浙江）
A. Driven B. Being driven
C. To drive D. Having driven
【考点解析】 过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子中的主语，表示被动或完成意义。答案为A。根据语境：农民被蔬菜的大量需求所驱动，建起了更多的温室大棚。分词与其逻辑主语farmers在逻辑上是被动关系，应使用过去分词作状语。
3. 句型There is no need to do
【课文原句】 There is no need to worry if you have never skied before. 如果你以前没有滑过冰，也没必要担心。
【经典考例】 He will be better soon. There is no need ________.
A. to worry about B. worried
C. to be worried D. to be worried about 【考点解析】答案为C。考查搭配There is no need to do sth. “没有必要……”。A项中的 worry about相当于一个及物动词，与句意不符。
4. 拟人写作手法
【课文原句】 The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s and Dr. King was shot and killed in 1968. 在20世纪60年代这座城市目睹了黑人和白人之间一连串的冲突以及金博士在1968被枪杀。
【经典考例】 The year 2008 ________ remarkable changes in Beijing’s landscape.
A. metB. saw C. readD. looked
【考点解析】答案为B。The year see…是一种拟人化的写作手法，以增强句子的表现力。See意为“（在某段时间或某地）发生；经历”。这种句子的谓语动词通常是see, witness, tell, show, make, bring, enable, remind, prevent, keep等。
5. that引导的同位语从句
【课文原句】 There are signs that a new, different South is coming out of its dark past. 种种迹象表明一个崭新的截然不同的南部正在走出过去的黑暗。
【经典考例】 A warm thought suddenly
came to me ________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. （2007 安徽卷）
A. if B. when C. that D. which
【考点解析】 答案为C。由同位语从句对名词thought加以补充说明，由于主句的谓语比较短，而同位语从句I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday比较长，所以这个从句就没有紧接在它所说明的名词后面。
6. 过去分词作定语
【课文原句】 Atlanta quickly recovered from the destruction caused by the Civil War. 亚特兰大很快从内战的毁坏中恢复过来。
【经典考例】 The Town Hall ________ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.
A. to be completed
B. having been completed
C. completed
D. being completed
【考点解析】答案为C。过去分词短语作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，相当于一个被动意义的定语从句。☆
1. upset
【考纲释义】 vt. 使心烦意乱；搅乱 adj.
混乱的；心烦意乱的；倾覆的 n. 翻倒；倾覆；混乱，搅乱；心烦意乱；(肠胃)不舒服
【备考实例】 All the members of the club felt ________ about the result of the competition. It couldn’t be worse.
A. upsetB. satisfied
C. worriedD. nervous
【考点解析】 句意“俱乐部的全体成员为比赛的结果感到难过。再没有比这更糟糕的了。”upset可用作形容词，表示“难过的；心烦的”，构成搭配be upset about sth.“为某事心烦；为某事难过”。答案为A。
【知识拓展】 be upset about 为……感到心烦 upset oneself 感到心烦 upset the balance of 打破……的平衡
2. guarantee
【考纲释义】 vt. 担保；保证 n. 担保物；抵押物；保证书
【备考实例】 We cannot ________ the punctual arrival of train in foggy weather.
A. guardB. guarantee
C. judgeD. value
【考点解析】 句意“在多雾的天气里，我们无法保证火车准时到达。”答案为B。guarantee意为“保证；确保”，符合题意。Guard意为“守卫；保卫”，judge意为“判断；判决”，value意为“珍视；看重”。
【知识拓展】guarantee sb. against / from 保证某人不受 guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人保证guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事 guarantee sth. to be 保证某物是 guarantee that… 保证……
3. gather
【考纲释义】 vi. & vt. 集合；聚集；采集
【备考实例】 The general ________ all the soldiers before him, telling them to get ready for the fight.
A. collectedB. gathered
C. selectedD. elected
【考点解析】 句意“将军把所有的士兵召集在面前，告诉他们准备战斗。”gather意为“聚集；集合”，符合句意，答案为B。
【知识拓展】 gather in 收割（庄稼）；集拢 gather round 聚集在……周围 gather together 集合；集聚；收集 gather up 收集；拾起；概括
4. rate
【考纲释义】 n. 价格；费用；速度；效率
【备考实例】 It isn’t much of a car, but at any ________ it is not expensive.
A. rateB. caseC. wayD. degree
【考点解析】句意“这辆车不怎么好，但不管怎样，它不贵。”答案为A，at any rate意为“无论如何；不管怎样”，符合句意。
【知识拓展】at this / that rate 照此情形；如此下去 at any rate 无论如何；不管怎样；至少
5. overcome
【考纲释义】 vt. 战胜；克服
【备考实例】 So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to ________ the difficulty.
A. satisfyB. disappoint
C. overcomeD. smooth
【考点解析】 句意“只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到方法去战胜困难。”答案为C，overcome意为“战胜；克服”，多指战胜或克服非物质的东西，如困难和不良习惯等。
【知识拓展】overcome, conquer, win和beat辨析 overcome意为“克服、战胜”，指成功地战胜某人或某物，现在多用于非物质性的东西。conquer 意为“征服、战胜“，含有暗指胜利的意思，但主要强调征服自然或用武力控制失败方或占领失败方的领土等。也可以用于体力、智力、以及道德力量控制了某人或克服了某些困难等。win意为“在……获胜”，它后面常接战斗、比赛、辩论、选举、奖品、奖牌等。后面不以人作宾语。beat意为“战胜”，主要用于运动、比赛等方面战胜对手。后面可以接人。
6. sacrifice
【考纲释义】 n. & vt. 牺牲；奉献
【备考实例】 People sometimes seek their political power at the ________ of their wives and children.
A. risk B. charge C. sacrifice D. price
【考点解析】 句意“有时人们以自己的妻儿为代价去追求政治权利。”at the sacrifice of意为“以……为代价”，符合句意，答案为C。
【知识拓展】 at a sacrifice 亏本出售 at the sacrifice of 以……为代价 make all sacrifices不惜一切代价 make a sacrifice for 为……作出牺牲 sacrifice… for / to 为……而牺牲
7. insist
【考纲释义】 vt. 坚持；坚持认为
【备考实例】 She insisted that she______someone in the house and that a policeman ________to make sure.
A. hear; be called in
B. heard; was called in
C. hear; was called in
D. heard; be called in
【考点解析】句意“她坚持认为她听到了房子里有人并坚持要求去叫一名警察来确认。”insist作“坚持要，一定要”解时，后接宾语从句，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“（should）＋动词原形”；当作“坚持认为；坚持说”时，则其后宾语从句中的谓语动词用陈述语气。答案为D。
【知识拓展】insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事
8. resist
【考纲释义】 vt. 抵抗；对抗；忍住
【备考实例】 The dolls were so lovely that I couldn’t resist ________one for my daughter.
A. buyingB. to buying
C. to buyD. being bought
【考点解析】句意“这些玩具太可爱了，我禁不住给女儿买了一个。”couldn’t resist doing sth意为“忍不住做某事”，答案为A。
【知识拓展】 resist doing sth 抗拒做某事；忍住不做某事 can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事 can’t help but do 禁不住做
9. supply
【考纲释义】 n. 供应；供给；供应品 vt. 供应；提供
【备考实例】 A pipeline will be built to ________ some eastern provinces with natural gas from the west of China.
A. send B. sellC. supply D. offer
【考点解析】 句意“将铺建管道把中国西部的天然气供应到东部省份。”考查搭配supply .. with sth. “向……供应某物”。答案为C。
【知识拓展】 in short supply 缺乏；供应不足 a supply of ＝supplies of 大量的 supply and demand 供求关系 supply sth. to sb. 向某人供应某物 supply sb. with sth. 向某人供应某物 provide sb. with sth. 向某人供应某物 provide sth. for sb. 向某人供应某物
二、重点短语
1. look into 调查；观察
The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse. 政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题。
It was rather a shock to look into these matters and discover that the fault was mine. 调查这些事情使我大吃一惊，我发现原来这是我的错。
【知识拓展】 look about / around 环顾；仔细观察 look after照看；照管 look for寻找 look up向上看；查找 look out注意; 当心 look down upon / on看不起 look forward to盼望, 期待
2. cool off 变凉；冷却；冷静
It’s too hot to think. I need to find someplace to cool off. 热得我都没法思考。我需要找个地方凉快凉快。
I hope the two countries will cool off a bit, or there will be a war. 我希望两个国家都冷静一点，否则将有一场战争。
【知识拓展】cool down 凉快起来； 渐渐冷却；使平静； 使冷静 remain / keep cool 保持凉爽； 保持冷静
3. every now and then常常，不时地
While he was walking home, he looked back every now and then. 当他朝家走的时候，他不时地回头往后看。
Every now and then, we’ll meet with some new words during our reading. 在阅读过程中，我们常常会碰上新单词。
【知识拓展】表示“不时地”含义的词还有：(a little) now and (a little) then; from time to time; occasionally; sometimes
4. aim at 针对；瞄准；目的在于。例如：
Nowadays some people always aim at money. 现在一些人总是一切向钱看。
We should aim at doing something useful to the society. 我们应当志在做一些对社会有益的事情。
Those girls worked out every morning, aiming at losing weight. 那些女孩子每天早晨锻炼是为了减肥。
5. in honour of 为了纪念、庆祝、庆贺、欢迎
The monument was erected in honour of the soldiers who died for the country. 这座纪念碑是纪念为国牺牲的士兵而建立的。
In honour of your moving out of the twenties, we are giving you a marvelous birthday party. 为庆祝你跨入三十岁，我们准备了一个盛大的生日宴会。
【知识拓展】 do sb. honour / do honour to sb. 向某人致敬 put sb. on his honour 使某人以人格担保 do sb. the honour of / have the honour of / to 给某人……之荣幸
6. in vain 徒然；枉然
The police tried in vain to break up the protest crowds. 警察企图驱散抗议的人群，但没有成功。
We tried in vain to make him change his mind. 我们想使他改变主意，结果是白费心机。
7. take a chance / take chances 碰运气；投机；冒险一试
Under the rules of the game, you really never know. You have to take a chance!在这个游戏规则下，你真的永远不会预知结果。你只能去碰运气！
Have you been to Lijiang, Yunnan? I haven’t been there yet, but I surely take a chance to go and live there for a week, just for a good play. 你去过云南丽江吗？我还没去过，我一定要找个机会去，在那儿住上一星期，好好游玩。
【知识拓展】 by chance 偶然，无意中 by any chance 万一，也许 by some chance 由于偶然的机会 Chances are that… 很可能……，大概是……
8. in turn 依次；反过来
Students clean classroom in turn everyday. 学生们每天轮流打扫教室。
The theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论的基础是实践，又转过来为实践服务。
【知识拓展】out of turn 不按顺序地 take turns 轮流 by turns 轮流；交替 take a turn 起变化
三、重点句型
1. should引导的虚拟倒装句
【课文原句】 Should you feel the urge to pack your bags and explore what the world has to offer, you might want to consider one of the destinations below. 如果你有要打点行装去探究世界的愿望，或许你会考虑以下这些目的地中的一个。
【经典考例】 ________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2007湖北)
A. Would you beB. Should you be
C. Could you be D. Might you be
【考点解析】 答案为B。当if条件状语从句中含有助动词were, had或should时，可以省去if，将were, had或should提到主语前面，构成倒装句。本题正常句序是If you should be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
2. 过去分词短语做状语
【课文原句】 Located in southern Austria, Kitzbuhel is a paradise for skiers. 基茨布厄尔位于奥地利南部，是滑雪运动爱好者的天堂。
【经典考例】 ________ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.（2007浙江）
A. Driven B. Being driven
C. To drive D. Having driven
【考点解析】 过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子中的主语，表示被动或完成意义。答案为A。根据语境：农民被蔬菜的大量需求所驱动，建起了更多的温室大棚。分词与其逻辑主语farmers在逻辑上是被动关系，应使用过去分词作状语。
3. 句型There is no need to do
【课文原句】 There is no need to worry if you have never skied before. 如果你以前没有滑过冰，也没必要担心。
【经典考例】 He will be better soon. There is no need ________.
A. to worry about B. worried
C. to be worried D. to be worried about 【考点解析】答案为C。考查搭配There is no need to do sth. “没有必要……”。A项中的 worry about相当于一个及物动词，与句意不符。
4. 拟人写作手法
【课文原句】 The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s and Dr. King was shot and killed in 1968. 在20世纪60年代这座城市目睹了黑人和白人之间一连串的冲突以及金博士在1968被枪杀。
【经典考例】 The year 2008 ________ remarkable changes in Beijing’s landscape.
A. metB. saw C. readD. looked
【考点解析】答案为B。The year see…是一种拟人化的写作手法，以增强句子的表现力。See意为“（在某段时间或某地）发生；经历”。这种句子的谓语动词通常是see, witness, tell, show, make, bring, enable, remind, prevent, keep等。
5. that引导的同位语从句
【课文原句】 There are signs that a new, different South is coming out of its dark past. 种种迹象表明一个崭新的截然不同的南部正在走出过去的黑暗。
【经典考例】 A warm thought suddenly
came to me ________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. （2007 安徽卷）
A. if B. when C. that D. which
【考点解析】 答案为C。由同位语从句对名词thought加以补充说明，由于主句的谓语比较短，而同位语从句I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday比较长，所以这个从句就没有紧接在它所说明的名词后面。
6. 过去分词作定语
【课文原句】 Atlanta quickly recovered from the destruction caused by the Civil War. 亚特兰大很快从内战的毁坏中恢复过来。
【经典考例】 The Town Hall ________ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.
A. to be completed
B. having been completed
C. completed
D. being completed
【考点解析】答案为C。过去分词短语作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，相当于一个被动意义的定语从句。☆