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目的：了解农村居民对精神卫生问题的认知状况。方法对680名农村居民采用自制精神卫生问题认识及态度调查问卷进行测评分析。结果80．9％的居民通过周围的真实病例了解精神卫生知识，94．2％的居民知晓精神疾病临床症状为幻觉、冲动伤人，仅18．8％的居民认为冷淡孤僻、注意障碍也是精神病的症状。认为精神疾病不具传染性、可以治愈、不会遗传的比例分别为97．0％、85．5％、66．1％。＞80．6％的居民对与少年儿童有关的精神卫生知识了解较好，67．1％的居民认为精神病人受到歧视。文化程度越高的居民对精神卫生问题的认知越高。结论农村居民对精神卫生问题有不同程度的认知，文化程度越高，对精神卫生问题的认知水平越高。“,”Objective To investigate cognitive status to mental health problems in rural residents .Methods Assessments were conducted with Self‐made Questionnaire for Cognition and Attitude to Mental Health Knowledge in 680 rural residents .Results Of the residents 80 .9% comprehended mental health knowl‐edge via ambient real cases ,94 .2% knew that hallucinations and aggressive acts were clinical symptoms of mental disorders ,only 18 .8% did that indifference/unsociability and disturbance of attention were also clinical symptoms of mental disorders .The proportion of believing that mental illness was non‐contagious , curable and non‐genetic w as 97 .0% ,85 .5% and 66 .1% respectively .Over 80 .6% comprehended children‐related better .67 .1 percent thought that psychotics were discriminated .The higher educational the inhab‐itants had ,the higher cognition to mental health problems they did .Conclusion Rural residents have dif‐ferent cognitions to mental health problems ,the higher educational the inhabitants had ,the higher cogni‐tion to mental health problems they did .