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目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助经肛全直肠系膜切除术（taTME）治疗低位直肠癌的近期疗效。方法:采用前瞻性研究方法。选取2017年8月至2018年9月国内8家医疗中心收治的80例［吉林大学第一医院27例、陆军特色医学中心（大坪医院）16例、首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院15例、北京大学肿瘤医院10例、中国医学科学院北京协和医院7例、北京大学人民医院2例、辽宁省肿瘤医院2例、上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院1例］低位直肠癌行腹腔镜辅助taTME病人的临床病理资料。观察指标：（1）入组病人临床资料。（2）手术情况。（3）术后组织病理学检查情况。（4）术后并发症及住院情况。偏态分布的计量资料以n M（范围）表示。计数资料以绝对数和（或）百分比表示。n 结果:（1）入组病人临床资料：筛选出符合研究条件的病人80例；男59例，女21例；中位年龄为61岁，年龄范围为53~79岁。（2）手术情况：80例病人均顺利完成手术，手术方式为直肠低位前切除术73例、Hartmann手术4例、经括约肌间腹会阴联合切除术1例、其他手术方式1例，缺失手术方式资料1例。80例病人中，19例由经肛经腹两组医师同时行手术。80例病人手术时间为255 min（211~305 min）；术中出血量≤500 mL 77例、>500 mL 3例；吻合方式为器械吻合44例、手工吻合24例，缺失吻合方式资料12例；标本取出途径为经肛门取出66例、经Pfannenstiel切口取出2例、经其他途径取出10例，缺失标本取出途径资料2例；术中行预防性造口术57例、放置肛管32例、游离脾曲30例、中转开腹2例。（3）术后组织病理学检查情况：80例病人中，标本系膜完整、近似完整、不完整分别为68、5、1例，缺失标本系膜完整性资料6例；发生直肠穿孔、环周切缘阳性、远端切缘阳性病人各1例。80例病人淋巴结清扫数目、肿瘤长径分别为12枚（9~16枚）、3.0 cm（1.9~4.0 cm）。80例病人中，4例获得肿瘤病理学完全缓解。80例病人肿瘤pT分期（T0期、Tis期、T1期、T2期、T3期、T4期），pN分期（N0期、N1期、N2期），pM分期（M0期、M1期）分别为4、2、11、24、35、4例，55、21、4例，75、5例。（4）术后并发症及住院情况：80例病人中，8例发生吻合口漏，2例A级漏经对症药物治疗后好转，4例B级漏经抗菌药物或置管引流治疗后好转，2例C级漏经手术治疗后好转；7例发生肠梗阻。80例病人住院时间为14 d（11~21 d），住院期间无病人死亡。结论:腹腔镜辅助taTME治疗低位直肠癌安全、可行，具有较好的近期疗效。“,”Objective:To investigate the short term efficacy of laparoscopic assisted transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) for low rectal cancer.Methods:The prospective study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 80 patients who underwent laparoscopic assisted taTME for low rectal cancer in 8 medical centers，including 27 cases in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University，16 cases in the Daping Hospital of Army Medical University，15 cases in the Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University，10 cases in the Peking University Cancer Hospital，7 cases in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences，2 cases in the Peking University People′s Hospital，2 cases in the Liaoning Cancer Hospital Institute，1 case in the Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine，from August 2017 to September 2018 were collected. Observation indicators：(1) clinical data of enrolled patients；(2) surgical situations；(3) postoperative histopathological examination；(4)postoperative complications and hospitalization. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as n M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers and (or) percentages.n Results:(1) Clinical data of enrolled patients：a total of 80 patients were selected for eligibility. There were 59 males and 21 females，aged from 53 to 79 years，with a median age of 61 years. (2）Surgical situations：all 80 patients underwent surgery successfully，including 73 cases undergoing low anterior resection，4 cases undergoing Hartmann operation，1 case undergoing intersphincteric and abdominoperineal resection，1 case undergoing other operations and 1 case missing operation information. Nineteen of the 80 patients underwent transabdominal and transanal operations simultaneously. The operation time of 80 patients was 255 minutes (range，211?305 minutes). Of 80 patients，77 cases had the volume of intraoperative blood loss ≤500 mL，3 cases had the volume of intraoperative blood loss >500 mL，44 cases underwent instrumental anastomosis，24 cases underwent manual anastomosis，12 cases were missing anastomosis information，66 cases had specimens been taken out through anus，2 cases had specimens been taken out through Pfannens-tiel incision，10 cases had specimens been taken out through other ways，2 cases were missing the information of specimens removal ways，57 cases underwent preventive stoma，32 cases under-went anal canal indwelling，30 cases underwent free of splenic flexure and 2 cases were converted to open surgery. (3) Postoperative histopathological examination：of 80 patients，68 cases had the integrity of mesorectal specimens with complete，5 cases had the integrity of mesorectal specimens with near complete，1 case had the integrity of mesorectal specimens with not complete，6 cases were missing the information of integrity of mesorectal specimens，1 case had rectal perforation，1 case had positive circumferential margin and 1 case had positive distal margin. The number of lymph node dissected and diameter of tumor were 12(range，9?16) and 3.0 cm(range，1.9?4.0 cm) of 80 patients. Four of 80 patients achieved pathological complete remission. Cases with tumor stage as T0 stage，Tis stage，T1 stage，T2 stage，T3 stage or T4 stage of the pT staging，cases with tumor stage as N0 stage，N1 stage or N2 stage of the pN staging，cases with tumor stage as M0 stage or M1 stage of the pM staging were 4，2，11，24，35，4，55，21，4，75，5 of 80 patients. (4) Postopera-tive complications and hospitalization：8 of 80 patients underwent anastomotic leakage，including 2 cases with grade A anastomotic leakage，4 cases with grade B anastomotic leakage and 2 cases with grade C anastomotic leakage.Seven of 80 patients underwent intestinal obstruction. The 2 cases with grade A anastomotic leakage were improved after symptomatic drug treatment，the 4 cases with grade B anastomotic leakage were improved after treatment with antibiotics or catheter drainage and the 2 cases with grade C anastomotic leakage were improved after operation. The duration of hospital stay of 80 patients was 14 days(range，11?21 days). No patient died during hospitalization.Conclusion:Laparoscopic assisted taTME for low rectal cancer is safe and feasible，which has a good short term efficacy.