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为了探求小麦新的不育类型,从普通小麦(T.aestivum L.)种内的一些品种和变种中,选取了10个具有不同特点的材料,以77(2)—1为共同亲本,进行了正反杂交和正反回交,并对其后代进行了考查。考查结果发现77(2)—1和印度矮生(T.sphaer-ococcum Perc.)的正反杂交后代和正反回交后代育性表现显著不同。当以77(2)—1做母本与印度矮生杂交时 F_1代表现为低不育,F_2代的育性发生分离,可育与不育的比例呈3:1。用印度矮生做父本与其 F_1代连续回交,则 BC_1、BC_2和 BC_3的后代全为不育株,从此便成为新的稳定的 AS 型小麦雄性不育系。由于新不育系是由栽培普通小麦的细胞质和印度矮生的核组配而成,故用此二变种名的第一个字母结合而命名为 AS 型。然而,反交结果大不相同。当以印度矮生做母本与77(2)—1杂交,F_1代表现育性正常,F_2代育性无分离,仍为全育。用77(2)—1做父本与其 F_1代连续回交,BC_1和 BC_2的后代也为全育。令人惊异的是:用反交 F_2代分离出来的性状与77(2)—1相似的可育单株,也能保持先正交、再回交后代中分离出来的全不育株,得到了全保持系。从上述初步结果可以看出:①栽培普通小麦种内某些品种或某些变种的细胞质存在着一定程度的分化,这种分化在特定的质核搭配组合中对育性能产生质的差异。②利用这种分化,为在普通小麦种内找到稳定的新不育质源以创造新型三系提供了可能。
In order to explore a new type of wheat, ten varieties with different characteristics were selected from some varieties and varieties of common wheat (T. aestivum L.), with 77 (2) -1 as common parents Positive and negative hybridization and positive and negative backcrosses, and their offspring were examined. The results showed that the positive and negative hybrid progeny of 77 (2) -1 and T. dactylorum-Octoccum Perc. When F1 (77) (-2) -1 was crossed with Indian dwarf hybrids, F_1 represented low infertility, and segregated fertility of F2 generations. The ratio of fertile to infertile was 3: 1. With the male parent of Indian dwarf and its F_1 generation, the progeny of BC_1, BC_2 and BC_3 were all sterile and became the new stable AS male sterile wheat line. Since the new sterile line is made up of the cytoplasm of common wheat cultivated and the dwarfed nuclear of India, the first letter of the two variant names is used to name the AS type. However, the result of de-crossings is very different. When Indian dwarf was used as the female parent to cross with 77 (2) -1, F_1 showed normal fertility and no segregation of F_2 fertility. With 77 (2) -1 as the male parent and its F_1 successive backcross, the BC_1 and BC_2 descendants are also full of education. Surprisingly, the sterile plants with similar traits of 77 (2) -1 isolated from the cross of F_2 generations can also be kept first and then all the sterile plants isolated from the offspring can be obtained. The whole maintenance department. It can be seen from the above preliminary results: ① There is a certain degree of differentiation in the cytoplasm of some cultivars or some varieties of common wheat cultivars, and this differentiation has qualitative differences in fertility performance in specific combinations of the nuclei. ② Using this differentiation, it is possible to find a new source of new sterility in common wheat to create a new type of three lines.