目的：观察大鼠实验性脑出血经饲喂水蛭后的病理学改变。方法：将５６只ＳＤ大鼠分为水蛭大、中、小剂量治疗组（分别相当于生药９００、４５０、２２５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１），实验对照７天、１４天及假手术组。利用脑立体定向仪在左尾状核处注入２５μｌ自体血制作脑出血模型。应用ＨＥ、ＶＧ、银染、胶质纤维酸性蛋白免疫组化染色及透射电镜观察脑组织的病理形态学改变并测量脑水含量。结果：药物治疗组脑水肿、脑组织坏死及神经元缺血变化减轻；新生毛细血管、格子细胞、星形细胞数目明显增加，胶质纤维生成增多。大剂量治疗组作用最明显。结论：水蛭对实验性鼠急性脑出血有明促进毛细血管和胶质细胞的增生的作用，从而可能有利于血肿的清除 Objective: To observe the pathological changes of experimental cerebral hemorrhage after feeding leeches. Methods: Fifty-six SD rats were divided into two groups: large, medium and small doses of leech (900, 450 and 225 mg · kg-1, respectively), and control groups of 7 days, 14 days and sham operation. Intracerebral hemorrhage model was made by injection of 25μl autologous blood into the left caudate nucleus using a stereotactic instrument. HE, VG, silver staining, glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the histopathological changes and to measure the content of brain water. Results: The brain edema, brain tissue necrosis and neuronal ischemia in the drug treatment group were alleviated. The number of newborn capillaries, plaid cells and astrocytes increased obviously, and the formation of glial fibrils increased. High-dose treatment group most obvious effect. Conclusion: Leech can promote the proliferation of capillaries and glial cells in experimental acute cerebral hemorrhage, which may be beneficial to the removal of hematoma