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目的调查尘肺患者对尘肺病的认知情况,为开展尘肺病自我管理干预提供依据。方法便利抽样法选取2015年8月-2016年12月深圳市职业病防治院及湖南省职业病防治院168例住院患者,采用自行设计的疾病认知问卷进行测评。结果 168例患者均完成评测,知识问卷总评分为75分,平均(43.09±11.73)分。患者在吸烟、吸入型支气管舒张剂应用、抗生素应用、口服激素治疗、吸入性激素类药物、长期氧疗、无创正压通气等主题的评分处于低水平,分别为(2.89±1.20)、(1.99±1.55)、(2.03±1.70)、(1.60±1.62)、(1.76±1.69)、(2.64±1.73)、(2.45±1.79)分。患者在尘肺病主要病因、尘肺病症状、气喘症状、痰、肺部感染、运动、肺灌洗等7个主题的评分处中等水平。结论尘肺患者对自身疾病知识的掌握程度不高,患者疾病和治疗方面的认知水平低,亟须加强针对性的健康教育。
Objective To investigate the cognition of pneumoconiosis in patients with pneumoconiosis and provide basis for self-management intervention in pneumoconiosis. Methods Convenient sampling method was used to select 168 inpatients from Shenzhen Occupational Disease Prevention Hospital and Hunan Occupational Disease Prevention Hospital from August 2015 to December 2016 and self-designed questionnaires for disease perception were used to evaluate them. Results All 168 patients completed the evaluation. The total score of knowledge questionnaire was 75, with an average of (43.09 ± 11.73) points. The scores of subjects such as smoking, inhaled bronchodilator application, antibiotic use, oral hormonal therapy, inhaled steroids, long-term oxygen therapy and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation were low (2.89 ± 1.20, 1.99 ± 1.55), (2.03 ± 1.70), (1.60 ± 1.62), (1.76 ± 1.69), (2.64 ± 1.73), (2.45 ± 1.79). Patients in the main etiology of pneumoconiosis, pneumoconiosis symptoms, asthma symptoms, sputum, lung infection, exercise, lung lavage seven subjects such as the score at the middle level. Conclusions Pneumoconiosis patients have a low level of knowledge of their own diseases and low cognitive level in patients with diseases and therapies. It is urgent to strengthen targeted health education.