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目的评价深圳市某化工厂的铬作业工人的尿铬水平及其影响因素。方法 2014年10月,用火焰原子吸收光谱法检测某化工厂车间空气中铬及其无机化合物的浓度,对铬酸盐车间182名生产工人进行职业卫生知识、自觉症状的问卷调查,并进行内科、耳鼻喉科、皮肤科等项目检查及尿铬测定。由该地不接触铬作业的某加工厂91名生产工人(车工、钳工、电工)作为对照组,进行对比。结果接触组与对照组对职业卫生知识的知晓率没有明显差别;工龄越长的工人对职业卫生知识的知晓率越高;铬作业工人的职业健康损害主要表现为上呼吸道刺激症状,鼻黏膜红肿、鼻中隔糜烂、鼻中隔穿孔、鼻甲肥大、咽部充血及皮肤损伤等体征的检出率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),且接触组工人鼻中隔穿孔、溃疡及咽部充血在工种分布差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);接触组肝肿大检出率明显高于对照组(P<0.01),男性高于女性(P<0.05);与对照组相比,接触组尿铬浓度和异常率均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且随着工作场所空气中铬浓度的升高和工龄的增加,铬作业工人的尿铬浓度和异常率均呈上升趋势。结论工人工龄越长,对职业卫生知识知晓率越高;工龄增加、工作场所中铬浓度越高,铬接触对健康的损害越严重;铬作业工人肝脏增大与接触铬有关;而工龄增加、工作场所中铬浓度超标是导致尿铬水平升高的主要危险因素。
Objective To evaluate the level of urinary chromium (Cr) in chromium-exposed workers in a chemical plant in Shenzhen and its influencing factors. Methods In October 2014, the concentration of chromium and its inorganic compounds in the air of a chemical factory workshop was detected by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. 182 workers in chromate workshop were surveyed for occupational health knowledge and symptoms, and the internal medicine , Otolaryngology, dermatology and other items inspection and determination of urinary chromium. Ninety-one production workers (lathe workers, fitters, electricians) from a processing plant that did not contact with chromium in the area were selected as the control group for comparison. Results There was no significant difference in the occupational health knowledge between the exposure group and the control group. The longer the workers were, the higher the occupational health knowledge was. The occupational health damage of the chromium workers mainly manifested upper respiratory irritation, nasal mucosa swelling , Nasal septum erosion, nasal septum perforation, turbinate hypertrophy, pharyngeal congestion and skin lesions and other signs were significantly higher than the control group (P <0.05), and the contact group of workers nasal septum perforation, ulcers and pharyngeal congestion in the distribution of workers were (P <0.05). The detection rate of hepatomegaly in the contact group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.01), and higher in the male group than in the female group (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, (P <0.01). And with the increase of chrome concentration and working length in the air of the workplace, the concentrations and abnormal rates of urinary chromium in chromium-exposed workers all showed an upward trend. Conclusion The longer the worker’s working age, the higher their awareness of occupational health knowledge. The higher the working age, the higher the chromium concentration in the workplace, the more serious the health damage caused by chromium exposure. Excessive levels of chromium in the workplace are the major risk factors for elevated urinary chromium levels.