Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved, dynamic, and lysosome-mediated process that begins with the formation of double or multilayer membranous structures and is induced by poor nutrient conditions. During autophagy, the cytoplasmic components, including organelles, such as mitochondria, are engulfed by the membranous vacuoles often called autophagosomes, which fuse with lysosomes where the contents are degraded by the lysosomal proteases. Autophagic response has been observed in response to various cancer-relevant stimuli, including Ras activation, nutrient deprivation, and treatment with endostatin, radiation, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), ceramide, rapamycin, arsenic trioxide, or tamoxifen. Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved, dynamic, and lysosome-mediated process that begins with the formation of double or multilayer membranous structures and is induced by poor nutrient conditions. During autophagy, the cytoplasmic components, including organelles, such as mitochondria, are engulfed by the Membranous vacuoles often called autophagosomes, which fuse with lysosomes where the contents are degraded by the lysosomal proteases. Autophagic response has been observed in response to various cancer-relevant stimuli, including Ras activation, nutrient deprivation, and treatment with endostatin, radiation, tumor necrosis Factor-a (TNF-a), ceramide, rapamycin, arsenic trioxide, or tamoxifen.