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一、阅读下面的材料,完成材料后的各小题。1.为了人类免受气候变暖的威胁,1997年12月,在日本京都召开的《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方第三次会议,通过了旨在限制发达国家温室气体排放量以抑制全球变暖的《京都议定书》。《京都议定书》规定,到2010年,所有发达国家排放的二氧化碳等6种温室气体的数量,要比1990年减少5.2%,发展中国家没有减排义务。对各发达国家来说,从2008年到2012年必须完成的削减目标是:与1990年相比,欧盟削减8%、美国削减7%、日本削减6%、加拿大削减6%、东欧各国削减5%～8%。新西兰、俄罗斯和乌克兰则不必削减,可将排放量稳定在1990年水平上。议定书同时允许爱尔兰、澳大利亚和挪威的排放量分别比1990年增加10%、8%、1%。
First, read the following materials and complete the questions after completing the materials. 1. In order to protect humanity from the threat of global warming, the third meeting of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, held in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997, adopted the aim of limiting greenhouse gas emissions in developed countries to curb global Warming “Kyoto Protocol.” The “Kyoto Protocol” stipulates that by 2010, the number of six types of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide emitted by all developed countries will be reduced by 5.2% compared with 1990, and developing countries will have no obligation to reduce emissions. For developed countries, the reduction targets that must be achieved from 2008 to 2012 are: Compared with 1990, the EU cuts 8%, the United States cuts 7%, Japan cuts 6%, Canada cuts 6%, Eastern European countries cut 5 % to 8%. New Zealand, Russia, and Ukraine do not have to cut back and can stabilize emissions at the 1990 level. The Protocol also allows Ireland, Australia and Norway to increase their emissions by 10%, 8%, and 1%, respectively, compared to 1990 levels.