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民国时期影响西北地区人口发展的主要原因是当时一些常见的急性传染病与产妇、婴幼儿疾病，防治这些疾病也成为２０世纪３０年代之后公共卫生的首要任务。民国时期的公共卫生虽然使烈性传染病对人口死亡的影响较以前减弱，但并未改变其他急性传染病和产妇、婴幼儿疾病对人口发展所造成的影响。１９４９年以后，西北地区才发生流行病学转型和人口死亡结构的根本转变。
The main reasons that influenced the population development in the Northwest during the Republic of China period were some common acute infectious diseases and maternal and infant diseases. The prevention and control of these diseases also became the primary task of public health after the 1930s. Although public health in the Republic of China reduced the impact of severe infectious diseases on the death of the population, it did not change the impact of other acute infectious diseases and maternal and infant diseases on population development. Since 1949, the transformation of epidemiology and the fundamental transformation of the death structure of the population have occurred in the northwest region.