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目的探讨潜艇艇员心理应激与个性特征、应对方式及社会支持的关系。方法对460名潜艇艇员进行量表测评,包括心理社会应激调查表(PSSG)、卡特尔16种人格因素问卷(16PF)、特质应对问卷(TCSQ)和领悟社会支持量表(PSSS),数据采用SPSS15.0和Amos7.0进行统计分析。结果1潜艇艇员不同衔级组间心理应激水平存在高度显著性差异(F=12.12,P<0.01),其中高级士官及军官组(51.46±25.19)心理应激水平最高,而义务兵组(35.63±16.94)最低;2潜艇艇员心理应激水平与适应与焦虑型(0.68)和消极应对(0.63)等呈高度显著性正相关,与内向与外向型(-0.41)、社会支持(-0.33)、积极应对(-0.32)和感情与安详型(-0.30)等呈高度显著性负相关;3多元逐步回归分析标准回归系数排在前3位的变量依次为:适应与焦虑型、消极应对、社会支持(标准回归系数依次为0.441、0.300、-0.107);4路径分析显示适应与焦虑型对潜艇艇员心理应激既有直接效应又有间接效应,且以直接效应为主(总效应0.682,直接效应0.441);消极应对和社会支持对心理应激具有直接效应(分别为0.300和-0.107);积极应对和内向与外向型对心理应激具有间接效应(分别为-0.027和-0.005)。结论潜艇艇员心理应激水平受个性特征、应对方式及社会支持的影响。
Objective To explore the relationship between psychological stress and personality traits, coping styles and social support of submariners. Methods A total of 460 submarine crew members were assessed by questionnaire, including Psychosocial Stress Questionnaire (PSSG), Cartel 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), Trait Response Questionnaire (TCSQ) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) Data were analyzed by SPSS15.0 and Amos7.0. Results 1 There was a highly significant difference in psychological stress level among subordinate sailors (P <0.01). Among them, the level of psychological stress was highest in senior non-commissioned officers and officers (51.46 ± 25.19) 35.63 ± 16.94) .2 There was a significant positive correlation between psychological stress level of submarine crew and adaptation and anxiety type (0.68) and negative coping ratio (0.63) 0.33), positive coping (-0.32) and emotional and serene type (-0.30), etc. 3 Multiple stepwise regression analysis The variables with the highest standard regression coefficients ranked in the order of adaptation and anxiety, negative Coping and social support (the standard regression coefficients were 0.441, 0.300, -0.107, respectively); 4-path analysis showed that both adaptation and anxiety had direct and indirect effects on submarine crew psychological stress, Effect 0.682, direct effect 0.441). Negative coping and social support had a direct effect on psychological stress (0.300 and -0.107, respectively); positive coping and introversion and extroversion had indirect effects on psychological stress (-0.027 and -0.027, respectively) 0.005). Conclusion The psychological stress level of submariners is affected by personality characteristics, coping style and social support.