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近年来我国气道过敏性疾病(如过敏性哮喘、过敏性鼻炎)的发病率逐渐升高，主要与吸入过敏原相关。目前临床上传统的过敏原检测方法应用的是过敏原粗提取物，不能明确对过敏原中的何种组分过敏。组分解析方法(component-resolved diagnosis，CRD)的出现很好地弥补了这一缺陷，可在分子水平上明确患者的致敏特征。精确的过敏原诊断可指导气道过敏性疾病患者的免疫治疗。该文主要综述CRD在气道过敏性疾病诊治中的潜在价值，并对目前已发现的吸入过敏原的主要过敏原组分进行梳理。“,”The incidence of airway allergic diseases such as allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis has increased in China in the recent few years, which is mainly associated with inhaled allergen.At present, crude allergen extracts are used in the traditional clinical allergen detection.This method can only help confirm whether the patient is sensitized to the allergen, but cannot determine which allergen component will cause allergies.The appearance of component-resolved diagnosis has overcome this shortcoming, which will clarify the allergenic characteristics of patients at the molecular level.Accurate allergen diagnosis can provide guidance for immunotherapy of airway allergic diseases.This article mainly reviewed the potential values of the component-resolved method in the diagnosis and treatment of airway allergic diseases in China, and reviewed the inhaled allergen components found so far.