明清文集所收录墓志铭等悼念性文献中有相当数量关于天花病例的记述,为认识明清时期天花的流行提供了一类相对丰富又具系统性的病例资料。通过对发病时间、地点、年龄等的统计分析,明清时期天花病例有冬、春两季发病率高及患者多为十岁以下儿童之流行特征。天花在家庭内的传播,典型地反映了民间天花防疫措施的局限性。 Epitaphs collected in the Ming and Qing Dynasties include a considerable number of memorials in the memorial literature on the case of smallpox, in order to understand the prevalence of smallpox during the Ming and Qing Dynasties provides a relatively rich and systematic case information. Through the statistical analysis of the time, place, age, etc., the prevalence of smallpox cases in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was high in both winter and spring, and most of the patients were prevalent among children under 10 years of age. The spread of smallpox in the home typically reflects the limitations of private smallpox prevention measures.