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针对铜和钢的物理和化学性能的较大差异,通过理论分析认为铜的熔化量对铜钢异种材料焊接接头的质量有很大影响,同时考虑到铜列激光的高反射率,对此进行了基于斜面对接和激光光束偏向钢侧的铜钢激光对接焊研究,并以三种不同的工艺参数进行了激光焊实验。焊接接头的力学性能测试和焊缝显微组织分析结果表明,铜钢焊接的质量主要取决于铜的熔化量。当铜熔化较少时,接合界面清晰,接头无明显缺陷并表现出良好的力学性能;当铜的熔化量较多时,无明显结合界面,接头出现气孔、裂纹等缺陷,力学性能急剧下降。实验结果表明,设置激光束偏离量为0.8mm,可实现低铜钢熔合比,从而获得尢缺陷的铜钢焊接接头。
According to the great difference between the physical and chemical properties of copper and steel, the theoretical analysis shows that the melting amount of copper has a great influence on the quality of the welded joints of the dissimilar materials of copper and steel, taking into account the high reflectivity of the copper laser, The research on the butt welding of copper steel based on bevel butt welding and the deviation of the laser beam on the steel side was carried out. The laser welding experiment was carried out with three different technological parameters. The mechanical properties of welded joints and weld microstructure analysis show that the quality of copper steel welding depends mainly on the amount of molten copper. When the melting amount of copper is small, the joint interface is clear, the joints have no obvious defects and exhibit good mechanical properties. When the melting amount of copper is large, there is no obvious interface and the joints have defects such as pores and cracks, and the mechanical properties drop sharply. Experimental results show that the laser beam deflection is set to 0.8mm, the low fusion ratio of copper can be achieved, so as to obtain especially defective copper-steel welded joints.