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为了深入分析种植玉米对黄土区坡耕地径流侵蚀产沙特征及养分流失量的影响,采用人工降雨的模拟方法,在玉米各生育期分别对坡面产流产沙特征及养分流失量进行研究。试验结果表明:在80mm/h降雨强度下,随着玉米生育期的延伸,坡面产流产沙及养分流失量逐渐减少,且坡面产流产沙曲线呈逐渐稳定的趋势。随着玉米的生长,3°与15°坡面径流量分别由裸地38.16L/m~2和55.59L/m~2降至抽雄期20.76L/m~2和36.92L/m~2,坡面产沙量分别由裸地201.47g/m~2和55.59g/m~2降至抽雄期38.30g/m~2和36.92g/m~2,坡面养分流失抑制率分别由拔节初期20.40%~39.39%和3.03%~25.35%增至抽雄期79.23%~85.73%和69.29%~75.00%。研究表明玉米生长初期是水土及养分流失防控的关键时期,应增加水土保持措施,避免坡面裸露时间过长,减少水土流失的发生。
In order to further analyze the effect of planting corn on runoff erosion and sediment yield and nutrient loss on sloping farmland in loess area, artificial rainfall simulation method was used to study the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield and nutrient loss on each slope. The results showed that with the rainfall intensity of 80 mm / h, the runoff and sediment yield of slope runoff gradually decreased along with the extension of corn growth stage, and the runoff and sediment yield curve of slope showed a gradual and steady trend. With the growth of maize, the runoff at 3 ° and 15 ° slopes decreased from 38.16L / m 2 and 55.59L / m 2 to 20.76L / m 2 and 36.92L / m 2, respectively, Slope sediment yield decreased from 201.47g / m ~ 2 and 55.59g / m ~ 2 to barely 38.30g / m ~ 2 and 36.92g / m ~ 2, respectively, 20.40% ~ 39.39% and 3.03% ~ 25.35% to tasseling stage 79.23% ~ 85.73% and 69.29% ~ 75.00% respectively. The research shows that the early stage of corn growth is a key period for prevention and control of water and soil loss and nutrient loss. Soil and water conservation measures should be added to avoid long exposure time and reduce soil erosion.