冬虫夏草是我国传统的名贵中药,具有补肺益肾、止血化痰的功效。由于其疗效显著,药源稀少,因此价格昂贵,市场上经常出现一些伪品,最常见的有亚香棒虫草、分枝虫草、凉山虫草。这几种虫草与冬虫夏草为同科真菌,性状相似,极易混淆,应注意鉴别。1　性状鉴别1.1　冬虫夏草为麦角菌 Cordyceps sinensis is a traditional precious Chinese medicine, which has the effect of invigorating the lung and kidney, and stopping bleeding and removing blood stasis. Because of its remarkable curative effect and scarce drug sources, it is expensive, and there are often counterfeit products on the market. The most common ones are the sub-scented cordyceps, Cordyceps militaris, and Liangshan Cordyceps. These cordyceps and Cordyceps sinensis are fungi of the same family and have similar traits and are easily confused. 1 Character identification 1.1 Cordyceps sinensis is ergot