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本文通过对190例二度以上高山冻伤的分析,着重对高山冻伤的成因和治疗特点做了讨论。认为在4,700米以上高山,冻伤成因除低温外,还与高山缺氧、风大、人员生活条件(食宿保障)等有关。在治疗方面,认为快速复温对于冻伤后3天以上的伤员效果不好,必须早期施行。对于多肢体严重冻伤、肿胀明显而坏死界线又不清楚者,主张及早切开减张引流,以挽救生命。截除坏死部分不能依据以前提出的三周时限,应根据体征,以晚期截除为好。另外,治疗中还应考虑到骨质松变等因素。
This article through the analysis of 190 cases of second-degree mountain frostbite, focusing on the causes of mountain frostbite and treatment characteristics are discussed. That in 4,700 meters above the mountain, the causes of frostbite in addition to low temperature, but also with the mountain hypoxia, wind, staff living conditions (accommodation guarantee) and so on. In terms of treatment, rapid rewarming is considered ineffective for the wounded more than 3 days after frostbite and must be performed early. Severe frostbite for multiple limbs, swelling and necrosis clear line of demarcation, advocate the early incision and drainage to save lives. Truncated necrotic part can not be based on the three-week time limit previously proposed should be based on signs, as the late cut as well. In addition, the treatment should also be taken into account factors such as osteoporosis.