本文是对于国家与地方关系的考察。基于民国期间德钦县的案例,本文展现了带有现代化使命与文明化意愿的国家如何来到这个地方,并试图通过某种方式将野蛮的“边民”改造为称职的“国民”。然而,从实际发生的情况来看,国家的良好愿望并没有得到地方的回应,地方始终以自己的方式想象国家,并按照自己的想象进行应对。借用“社会想象”的概念,本文对这种应对方式出现的原因作了探讨,并指出,对于国家的想象,在今天的中国仍旧存在,需要得到关注。 This article is a study of the relationship between state and local government. Based on the case of Deqin County during the period of the Republic of China, this article shows how a country with a modernized mission and civilized will came to this place and tried to somehow transform the barbaric “border people” into competent “nationals” “. However, judging from what actually happened, the good wishes of the country did not get the local response. The place always imagined the country in its own way and responded according to its own imagination. By borrowing the notion of ”social imagination", this article explores the reasons for the emergence of this coping style and points out that China still needs to pay attention to the imagination of the country today.