用6×5不完全双列杂交对冬小麦植株上部重要形态性状的遗传特点及其在产量育种上的作用进行了研究。结果表明:上部三节间长均为高遗传力;上部三叶片的叶长遗传力中等偏高,叶宽遗传力较低,叶面积遗传力介于叶长和叶宽之间。叶片性状的遗传力可能与叶片着生位置有关。各形态性状的基因作用均以加性为主。形态性状在产量选择中有一定作用,但年份间有明显差异。 The genetic characteristics of upper important morphological traits of winter wheat plants and their roles in yield breeding were studied by 6 × 5 incomplete diallel crossings. The results showed that the upper three-node length was high heritability. The upper three-leaf length had a higher heritability of leaf length, lower heritability of leaf width, and heritability of leaf area between leaf length and leaf width. The heritability of leaf traits may be related to the placement of leaves. Gene morphological traits are additive. Morphological traits have a role in yield selection, but there are significant differences between years.