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目的研究Smad4蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达,并探讨其临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学方法,检测82例乳腺癌,68例乳腺增生症,56例正常乳腺组织Smad4蛋白的表达水平。结果正常乳腺组织、乳腺增生症及乳腺癌组织中Smad4蛋白阳性表达率分别为87.5%(49/56),75.0%(51/68)与52.4%(43/82),三者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高分化、中度分化及低分化型乳腺癌组织中分别为72.7%(16/22)、57.6%(19/33)与29.6%(8/27),三者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Smad4蛋白阳性表达率在肿瘤直径大于等于2cm及有淋巴结转移组较肿瘤直径小于2cm及无淋巴结转移组降低(P<0.05)。结论乳腺增生症是病变复杂的良性疾病,其演变过程如不典型增生与乳腺癌有关。Smad4蛋白表达可能与乳腺癌的发生发展、生物学行为和预后有关。
Objective To study the expression of Smad4 protein in breast cancer and to explore its clinical significance. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Smad4 protein in 82 cases of breast cancer, 68 cases of hyperplasia of mammary glands and 56 cases of normal breast tissues. Results The positive rates of Smad4 protein expression in normal breast tissue, hyperplasia of mammary gland and breast cancer tissues were 87.5% (49/56), 75.0% (51/68) and 52.4% (43/82), respectively Significance (P <0.01). There were significant differences among the three groups (72.7% (16/22), 57.6% (19/33) and 29.6% (8/27) respectively) in well-differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated breast cancer tissues (P <0.01). The positive rate of Smad4 protein in tumors with a diameter of 2 cm or more and with lymph node metastasis was less than 2 cm in diameter and no lymph node metastasis (P <0.05). Conclusions Hyperplasia of mammary glands is a benign disease with complex pathological changes. Its evolution is atypical hyperplasia and is associated with breast cancer. Smad4 protein expression may be related to the occurrence and development of breast cancer, biological behavior and prognosis.