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目的:查明一起霍乱疫情发生的原因,为疫情处置提供科学依据。方法:按照《霍乱防治手册》(第五版),对疫情中所有调查对象采集肛拭样,对肇事餐厅、追踪的市售可疑食物、有关环境、水质等采样共3167件,进行霍乱病原菌检测。结果:从813件就餐者肛拭样中共检出116株0139型霍乱弧菌,其中病原学确诊O139型霍乱病人3例,O139型霍乱携带者113例,其罹患率、带菌率、感染率分别为0.49%(4/813)、13.90%(113/813)、14.39%(117/813);从1377件环境样中检出0139型霍乱弧菌21件,阳性率为1.53%;与就餐者有接触史的800人份肛拭子、91件食品、86件水样中,均未检出霍乱病原菌。结论:此次疫情为一起聚餐引起的食源性O139型霍乱暴发,加工用具交叉污染是疫情暴发的直接原因;但未查明具体传染源。
Objective: To identify the causes of a cholera outbreak and provide a scientific basis for the disposition of the epidemic. Methods: According to the Cholera Prevention and Control Manual (Fifth Edition), samples of anal swabs were collected from all the surveyed subjects in the epidemic. A total of 3167 samples of the suspected culprits, relevant environmental and water quality traced in the culprit restaurant were collected for pathogen detection of cholera . Results: 116 strains of Vibrio cholerae 0139 were detected in 813 dps anal samples. Among them, 3 were diagnosed as O139 cholera by etiology, and 113 were carriers of O139 cholera. Their attack rate, carriage rate and infection rate were respectively (13/84), 13.90% (113/813) and 14.39% (117/813), respectively. Among the 1377 environmental samples, 21 strains of Vibrio cholerae 0139 were detected, the positive rate was 1.53% In the history of contact, there were no detected cholera pathogens in 800 swabs, 91 foodstuffs and 86 water samples. Conclusion: The outbreak of this outbreak was caused by food-borne Cholera O139 outbreaks. The cross-contamination of processing appliances was the direct cause of the outbreak. However, no specific source of infection was identified.