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强制同化政策是西部边疆开发殆尽的美国为彻底解决印第安人问题而在19世纪后期开始采用的一种激进战略。它以取消部落主权、拆散保留地、瓦解部落、赋予印第安人公民权并改变其思想认同为手段,试图将印第安人改造为按白人方式生活、融入主流社会的单个美国公民。强制同化政策是否定种族、族群集体权利与不宽容异质文化的美国传统自由主义在印第安人事务中的运用与移植,虽然出台之初,白人社会普遍对之寄予厚望,但因其在道义原则上种族歧视的实质,在工具效应上不能替代民族融合所必需的长期过程,也无法使弱势民族短期内顺利适应主流社会,在实施过程中又赋予支配群体一种不受限制的绝对权力,使其获得权力滥用的途径,鼓励其机会主义行为,所以在实施半个世纪之后惨遭失败而被废止。美国强制同化印第安人战略的目标、措施、困境及结果,虽有其特殊性,但也有普遍性,可以为后来者鉴。
The mandatory assimilation policy is a radical strategy adopted by the United States, developed out of the western frontiers, in the late 1800s to completely solve the Indians problem. It seeks to transform Indians into single American citizens who are living in a white, mainstream society, by abolishing tribal sovereignty, dismantling reserves, dismantling tribes, empowering Indians and changing their ideological identity. Forced assimilation policy is a denial of race, ethnic group rights and intolerance of the heterogeneous culture of American traditional liberalism in the Indian affairs in the use and transplant, although the beginning of the publication of white society generally placed great hopes on it, but because of its moral principles The essence of racial discrimination can not replace the long-term process necessary for national integration in the tool effect, nor can the disadvantaged groups smoothly adapt to the mainstream society in the short term, but also give the dominant group an unrestricted absolute right in the process of implementation. Its way of abuse of power and encouragement of its opportunistic behavior were abolished after its failure half a century later. Although the objectives, measures, difficulties and consequences of the U.S. forced assimilation of the Indians strategy have their own particularities, they are also universal in nature and can be used by future generations.