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本质上,投票是揭示个体偏好并进而加总成社会偏好的一种手段。从个体投票出席行为入手,可以有效地揭示个体在参与公共事务治理过程中的个体偏好以及事实存在的利益冲突。作为政策制定者,可以根据投票人的出席行为,通过设计具体的投票机制有效地调和上述矛盾。而最优投票机制设计与应用有赖于对投票出席行为的把握,在此基础上可以发现个体在公共事务中的利益冲突,进而为选择具有针对性的矛盾解决方案提供依据。鉴于此,本文重点从个体出席投票动机、个体偏好与出席动机之间的关系以及影响其出席行为的诸多因素这三方面展开论述。
In essence, voting is a means of revealing individual preferences and, in turn, composing social preferences. Starting from individual voting attendance behavior, it can effectively reveal the individual preferences and the actual conflicts of interest in the process of individual participation in public affairs governance. As a policy maker, the above contradictions can be effectively reconciled by designing a specific voting mechanism according to the voters’ attendance. However, the design and application of the optimal voting mechanism depends on the grasping of the voting attendance behavior. Based on this, it can find out the individual’s conflicts of interest in the public affairs, and then provide the basis for choosing a targeted solution to the conflict. In view of this, this article focuses on three aspects of individual attendance voting, the relationship between individual preferences and attendance motivation and many factors that affect their attendance behavior.