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自西罗马帝国灭亡后,欧洲历史开始进入中世纪时代。在这一时期,神圣罗马帝国名存实亡,大小城邦割据自立,征伐不断,而基督教作为精神统治力量的地位不断巩固,宗教神学的意识形态逐渐侵入各国国家政治生活,控制人民思想,逐渐形成了神权(教皇权力)与王权的二元统治结构。在这样的社会大背景下,西方政治思想作为上层建筑也不可避免的成为了宗教神学世界观的组成部分,因而中世纪西方政治思想理论的核心内容就是神神权与王权的博弈。
After the demise of the Western Roman Empire, European history began to enter the Middle Ages. During this period, the Holy Roman Empire existed in name only, the sect of the size of the city was independent and conquest continued, while the status of Christianity as a spiritual ruler continued to consolidate. The ideology of religious theology gradually invaded the political life of all countries, controlled the people’s thoughts and gradually formed theocracy Pope Power) and the Dualistic Structure of the Crown. In such a social context, as the superstructure, western political thought inevitably becomes an integral part of the religious theological worldview. Therefore, the core of the theory of political thought in the Middle Ages is the game of divine and royal monotheism.