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系统分析封闭小区形成的历史原因和实施小区开放政策的客观必然性,建立描述不同小区类型及周边路网通行状况的路网模型,应用最大流最小割定理计算小区及周边路网通行能力。针对不同进出口交通流4种可能的干扰模式,重点考虑了小区进出口对主干道交通运行的影响,并依据实例定量分析了不同小区类型小区开放前后对道路通行的影响。结论表明:结构相对简单的小区,如环型、树型结构,其小区开放对周边道路的通行能力将产生正效应,适合开发为开放式小区;结构复杂的小区,如网络型小区,其开放可能对周边道路通行能力产生负作用,即出现交通网络中的“多反而少”悖论问题,因而不宜全盘开放,而应实施部分或半开放策略。因此,小区开放应因地制宜,不可“一刀切”。
This paper systematically analyzes the historical reasons for the formation of closed communities and the objective inevitability of the implementation of district open policies. It establishes a road network model that describes the different types of cells and the conditions of the surrounding road networks. The maximum flow minimum cut theorem is used to calculate the capacity of the communities and the surrounding road networks. According to four kinds of possible interference modes of different import and export traffic flow, the influence of the entrance and exit of the district on the traffic operation of the main road is mainly considered, and the influence on the road traffic before and after the different types of residential district are analyzed quantitatively according to the examples. The conclusion shows that the cells with relatively simple structure, such as ring and tree structure, will have a positive effect on the passage capacity of the surrounding roads and are suitable for the development of open cells. The complex cells such as network type cells are open May have a negative effect on the capacity of the surrounding roads, that is, the “more but less” paradox in the transport network appears. Therefore, they should not be fully liberalized but should implement partial or semi-open strategies. Therefore, the district should be tailored to local conditions, not “across the board ”.