制造业向来被视为是一国经济实力的代表。在战后相当长的一段时间里,美国的制造业竞争力一直雄居各国之首。但从六十年代开始,随着西欧、日本经济的起飞,其制造业竞争力亦迅速提高。到了七十年代初,美、日、欧在世界制造业领域里已呈现三足鼎立之势。而进入八十年代后,三方的制造业竞争力仍在进一步发生着变化。本文的目的旨在简要评析美、日、欧制造业竞争力在八十年代的消长情况及其原因所在。 Manufacturing has always been regarded as a representative of a country’s economic strength. For quite some time after the war, the competitiveness of the United States in manufacturing has always ranked first in all countries. However, since the 1960s, along with the economic take-off of Western Europe and Japan, its manufacturing competitiveness has also rapidly increased. By the early 1970s, the United States, Japan, and Europe had already demonstrated their tribulations in the world manufacturing industry. After entering the 1980s, the manufacturing competitiveness of the three parties is still undergoing further changes. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the growth and decline of the manufacturing competitiveness of the United States, Japan, and Europe in the 1980s and their causes.