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【目的】贡柑黑腐病已成为贡柑上仅次于柑橘黄龙病的重要病害,其病原菌是柑橘链格孢菌。根据该病发病快和发病需要高湿度的特点,笔者提出稀植、剪除病枝叶、下雨前喷药和选择使用有效药剂的综合防治技术措施。为了验证这些措施的有效性,笔者于2012~2013年在桂林进行了田间验证试验。【方法】:通过间伐,在田间设置未封行区和封行区;通过剪除病枝叶,在田间设置剪除病枝叶区和未剪除病枝叶区;根据天气预报,设置下雨前喷药、下雨后喷药等田间小区药效试验。【结果】未封行小区病情指数比封行小区低15.13%,相对防效达64.35%,平均单株果实数多515.77个,单株果实数增加78.23%;剪除病枝叶小区比未剪除病枝叶小区防效显著增加;下雨前喷药保护比下雨过后再喷药,防效显著增加。经田间筛选,防效较好的药剂有:80%络合态代森锰锌WP 1.67 g/L+10%氟硅唑EW 1.00 g/L、72%霜脲·锰锌WP 1.67 g/L+10%氟硅唑EW 1.00 g/L、72%霜脲·锰锌WP 1.67 g/L+10%氟硅唑EW 0.67 g/L。在连续下雨条件下,上述药剂的持效期为7 d;在喷药后不下雨的天气条件下,持效期为7~9 d。【结论】保持果园不封行、下雨前喷药保护、喷施有效药剂、剪除病枝叶是控制该病危害的四项重要措施。
【Objective】 Citron black rot has become the important disease of Gonggan citrus, which is second only to citrus yellow dragon’s disease. Its pathogen is Alternaria citri. According to the rapid onset of the disease and the incidence of high humidity characteristics, the author proposed a planted sparse, cut off diseased branches and leaves, spraying and choose to use effective pesticides before the comprehensive prevention and control measures. In order to verify the effectiveness of these measures, the author conducted a field test in Guilin in 2012 ~ 2013. 【Method】: Through the thinning, the unsealed area and the sealing area were set in the field. The cut branches and leaves were cut off in the field and the branches and leaves were cut off in the field. According to the weather forecast, Spray and other fields after the spray efficacy test. 【Result】 The disease index of unsealed area was 15.13% lower than that of the closed area, the relative control efficiency was 64.35%. The average number of fruit per plant was 515.77, and the number of fruit per plant increased by 78.23%. The area of diseased branches and leaves was 15.2% Community control significantly increased; spray protection before raining before spraying after spraying, control effect increased significantly. After the field screening, good control effect of the agents are: 80% Mancozeb WP 1.67 g / L + 10% Flusilazole EW 1.00 g / L, 72% cream urea manganese zinc WP 1.67 g / L + 10% Flusilazole EW 1.00 g / L, 72% cream urea manganese zinc WP 1.67 g / L + 10% flusilazole EW 0.67 g / L. Under the condition of continuous rain, the persistence period of the above medicament is 7 days; the persistence period is 7 to 9 days under the condition of no rain after spraying. 【Conclusion】 Four important measures to control the harm of the disease are to keep the orchard intact, spray it before it rains, spray effective medicaments and cut diseased branches and leaves.