分析了功、热、能和的物理意义以及与热力学定律的关系,做功和传热是能和传递与转换的两种途径,从热力学第一定律定义的能量只有相对意义。是系统相对于环境所具有的做最大有用功的能力,相对于选定的环境,是系统的状态参量。常规的计算式是从热力学第一和第二定律导出的结果,从动力学的角度讨论了及其普遍化表达式的物理含义。起源于系统与环境的不平衡,如果系统与环境之间存在着某种(或几种)强度量差,在强度量差的推动下系统可能自动地变化到与环境相平衡的状态(寂态),在这样的过程中系统可以对外做功,这种做最大有用功的能力就是系统的。在能量公设的基础上,的微分被普遍地表示为强度量差与其共轭的广延量微分的乘积。的普遍化表达式完整地反映了的物理含义及其动力学特征,利用能量和的普遍化表达式导出了损失的普遍化表达式。 The physical meaning of work, heat, energy and  as well as the relationship with the laws of thermodynamics are analyzed. The work and heat transfer are the two ways of energy transfer and transformation. The energy defined by the first law of thermodynamics has relative significance. Is the system’s maximum usefulness relative to the environment, which is the state parameter of the system relative to the chosen environment. Conventional formulas are derived from the first and second laws of thermodynamics and discuss the physical implications of  and their generalized expressions from a kinetic point of view. Originated from the imbalance between the system and the environment, if there is some kind of intensity difference between the system and the environment, the system may automatically change to balance with the environment State), in this process the system can work on the outside, this ability to do the most useful work is the system. On the basis of energy assumption, the differential of  is generally expressed as the product of the strength difference and its conjugate extended differential. Generalized expressions of  completely reflect the physical meaning and dynamic characteristics of . The generalized expression of and