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英语中的名词不经任何变化就可以用作定语修饰另外一个名词，这样的定语就叫作名词定语。作定语的名词既可以是普通名词，也可以是专有名词；既可以是有生命的，也可以是无生命的；既可以是可数的，也可以是不可数的。
焦点一：名词作定语的作用是什么？
名词作定语能表明被修饰的名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。如：
1. 材料: paper money; a stone bridge; a diamond necklace; a bamboo pole
2. 用途: a meeting room; the railway station; water pipe; welcome speech
3. 时间: summer holidays; the dinner party; midday lunch
4. 地点: city streets; London hotels; the kitchen window
5. 内容: a story book; piano lessons; the sports meeting; the grammar rules
6. 类别: children education; enemy soldiers; a bus driver; a love story
焦点二：名词作定语的语法作用是什么？
1. 名词作定语代替形容词或分词作定语。如：
China cotton=Chinese cotton; research workers=researching workers
2. 代替作定语用的介词短语。这种情况用得比较多。如：
a garden chair=a chair in the garden； Canada wheat=wheat from Canada
3. 代替定语从句。如：
the milk boy=the boy who brings the milk
4. 代替带-’s 的所有格定语。在名词前加上定冠词the就可以代替名词的所有格，但是这个名词须是专有名词。如：
the Pentagon(五角大楼) decisions=Pentagon’s decisions; the Tom composition=Tom’s composition
焦点三：两个以上的名词作定语可以吗？
常有这样的情况，几个名词放在一起修饰后面那个主导名词。有时几个名词形成一个整体修饰最后一个名词。如：
world record holder 世界记录保持者
mountain village school teacher 山村学校教师
motor car repair and assembly plant汽车修配厂
television transmission satellite电视转播卫星
Christmas morning exchange of presents 圣诞早上的礼物交换
焦点四：作定语的名词用单数还是复数？
一般而言，作定语用的名词都是单数形式，即使被修饰的名词变复数时，作定语用的名词也不需要变为复数形式，如a boy student, boy students。
但以下几种情况值得注意：
1. 本身是复数的专有名词作定语用复数形式。如：
the United States government美国政府
2. 以“-s”结尾但具有单数意义的名词(如news, mathematics)作定语。如：
news agency通讯社; a mathematics teacher一位数学老师
3. 意思不同的单复数名词作定语。如：
a glasses frame眼镜框； a glass frame玻璃框； arms race军备竞赛； an arm badge臂章
4. 名词单复数同时作定语，意思不变。如：
a trouser(s) pocket裤袋; a custom(s) house海关; the enquiry(enquiries) office问讯处
5. man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：
a man worker; a woman teacher; a gentleman official
men workers; women teachers; gentlemen officials
6. 例外情况：sports meeting运动会; sports jacket运动服; students reading-room学生阅览室；sales man售货员; talks table谈判桌; reservations desk服务台
【小试牛刀】
选择填空：
1. In Britain, ____ are all painted red.
A. letter boxes B. letters boxes C. letter box D. letters box
2. She is the only one among the ____ writers who ____ stories for children.
A. woman; writes B. women; write C. women; writes D. woman; write
3. ——What does Mr. Brown do for a living?
——He’s one of the most successful ____ in the city.
A. newspaper reporter B. newspaper’s reporters
C. newspaper’s reporter D. newspaper reporters
4. He dropped the ____ and broke it.
A. cup of coffee B. coffee’s cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup
5. It’s said that two ____ would come to the village.
A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors
6. ——Is it getting dark early tonight?
——I think so. I see ____ is on already.
A. the street light B. the light of the street
C. the street’s light D. the light street
7. Each of us supposed to go all out for the team on the ____.
A. sport field B. sports field C. sport’s field D. the field of sports
8. Three famous actors, with whom were two ____ actresses came to our ____ shop.
A. child; shoe B. child’s; shoes C. children; shoe D. children’s; shoe
9. Recently, ten ____ have disappeared at least in that country.
A. woman reporter B. woman’s reporters C. women reporter D. women reporters
10. Have you ever noticed the ____ near the church?
A. apples trees B. apple’s trees C. apple trees D. apples’ trees
11. Today is September 10th. It’s ____ Day. Let’s go and buy some flowers for our teachers.
A. Teachers B. Teachers’ C. the Teachers’ D. Teacher’s
[Key:1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.C 11.B]
焦点一：名词作定语的作用是什么？
名词作定语能表明被修饰的名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。如：
1. 材料: paper money; a stone bridge; a diamond necklace; a bamboo pole
2. 用途: a meeting room; the railway station; water pipe; welcome speech
3. 时间: summer holidays; the dinner party; midday lunch
4. 地点: city streets; London hotels; the kitchen window
5. 内容: a story book; piano lessons; the sports meeting; the grammar rules
6. 类别: children education; enemy soldiers; a bus driver; a love story
焦点二：名词作定语的语法作用是什么？
1. 名词作定语代替形容词或分词作定语。如：
China cotton=Chinese cotton; research workers=researching workers
2. 代替作定语用的介词短语。这种情况用得比较多。如：
a garden chair=a chair in the garden； Canada wheat=wheat from Canada
3. 代替定语从句。如：
the milk boy=the boy who brings the milk
4. 代替带-’s 的所有格定语。在名词前加上定冠词the就可以代替名词的所有格，但是这个名词须是专有名词。如：
the Pentagon(五角大楼) decisions=Pentagon’s decisions; the Tom composition=Tom’s composition
焦点三：两个以上的名词作定语可以吗？
常有这样的情况，几个名词放在一起修饰后面那个主导名词。有时几个名词形成一个整体修饰最后一个名词。如：
world record holder 世界记录保持者
mountain village school teacher 山村学校教师
motor car repair and assembly plant汽车修配厂
television transmission satellite电视转播卫星
Christmas morning exchange of presents 圣诞早上的礼物交换
焦点四：作定语的名词用单数还是复数？
一般而言，作定语用的名词都是单数形式，即使被修饰的名词变复数时，作定语用的名词也不需要变为复数形式，如a boy student, boy students。
但以下几种情况值得注意：
1. 本身是复数的专有名词作定语用复数形式。如：
the United States government美国政府
2. 以“-s”结尾但具有单数意义的名词(如news, mathematics)作定语。如：
news agency通讯社; a mathematics teacher一位数学老师
3. 意思不同的单复数名词作定语。如：
a glasses frame眼镜框； a glass frame玻璃框； arms race军备竞赛； an arm badge臂章
4. 名词单复数同时作定语，意思不变。如：
a trouser(s) pocket裤袋; a custom(s) house海关; the enquiry(enquiries) office问讯处
5. man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：
a man worker; a woman teacher; a gentleman official
men workers; women teachers; gentlemen officials
6. 例外情况：sports meeting运动会; sports jacket运动服; students reading-room学生阅览室；sales man售货员; talks table谈判桌; reservations desk服务台
【小试牛刀】
选择填空：
1. In Britain, ____ are all painted red.
A. letter boxes B. letters boxes C. letter box D. letters box
2. She is the only one among the ____ writers who ____ stories for children.
A. woman; writes B. women; write C. women; writes D. woman; write
3. ——What does Mr. Brown do for a living?
——He’s one of the most successful ____ in the city.
A. newspaper reporter B. newspaper’s reporters
C. newspaper’s reporter D. newspaper reporters
4. He dropped the ____ and broke it.
A. cup of coffee B. coffee’s cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup
5. It’s said that two ____ would come to the village.
A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors
6. ——Is it getting dark early tonight?
——I think so. I see ____ is on already.
A. the street light B. the light of the street
C. the street’s light D. the light street
7. Each of us supposed to go all out for the team on the ____.
A. sport field B. sports field C. sport’s field D. the field of sports
8. Three famous actors, with whom were two ____ actresses came to our ____ shop.
A. child; shoe B. child’s; shoes C. children; shoe D. children’s; shoe
9. Recently, ten ____ have disappeared at least in that country.
A. woman reporter B. woman’s reporters C. women reporter D. women reporters
10. Have you ever noticed the ____ near the church?
A. apples trees B. apple’s trees C. apple trees D. apples’ trees
11. Today is September 10th. It’s ____ Day. Let’s go and buy some flowers for our teachers.
A. Teachers B. Teachers’ C. the Teachers’ D. Teacher’s
[Key:1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.C 11.B]