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近年来地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)与相关空间分析技术的不断进步,使其成为空气污染暴露评估颇有潜力的研究工具。各种基于GIS平台的暴露评估模型使得在较广的地理范围内实现较高精度的暴露评估成为可能。本文从邻近性模型、插值模型、土地利用回归模型、扩散模型以及混合模型等5种主流的空气污染暴露模型角度,分别就GIS在空气污染暴露评估中的应用进行了阐述。同时结合各种模型的优缺点,提出未来研究应充分发挥GIS技术的优势,推广应用符合研究地区实际情况的混合模型。
In recent years, the continuous improvement of geographic information system (GIS) and related spatial analysis technology has made it a potential research tool for air pollution exposure assessment. Various GIS-based exposure assessment models make it possible to achieve higher-precision exposure assessments over a wider geographical area. This paper describes the application of GIS in the assessment of air pollution exposure from five mainstream air pollution exposure models such as proximity model, interpolation model, land use regression model, diffusion model and hybrid model. Combined with the advantages and disadvantages of various models, the paper suggests that the future research should give full play to the advantages of GIS technology and popularize and apply the hybrid model that accords with the actual situation in the research area.