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在寄主植物抽提液中,许多病毒的浓度低、质粒形态不稳定,有的抽提液中还存在病毒钝化剂或抑制剂。这就使一些血清学技术不能应用,而从种子中检测种传的病毒则更加困难。用酶、荧光色素、放射性标记物等,对特异性抗体和抗原加以标记,然后进行免疫反应,可以提高血清反应灵敏度和增加特异性,检测水平可达微克/毫升、毫微克/毫升。酶联免疫吸附测定法(以下简称酶联法)、免疫荧光法、放射免疫法,就是根据这一原理而发展的血清学新技术。
In the host plant extract, many virus concentrations are low, the plasmid morphology is not stable, and some of the extracts also contain virus deactivators or inhibitors. This makes some serological techniques impractical and detecting transmitted viruses from seeds is even more difficult. Labeling specific antibodies and antigens with enzymes, fluorochromes, radiolabels, etc. followed by an immunological reaction can increase the sensitivity and specificity of the serum response to levels up to micrograms per milliliter and nanograms per milliliter. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (hereinafter referred to as enzyme-linked method), immunofluorescence, radioimmunoassay, is based on this principle and the development of new serological technology.