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在太湖地区稻—稻—麦三熟制水稻土上的免耕(第四年)定位试验田,测定了各耕作区土壤对元麦的供肥能力和氮、磷、钾化肥的肥效。免耕的整地措施是浅松土法,松土深度3—6cm,稻偏深,麦较浅。免耕后土壤物理性状较好,有利根系生长,土壤供肥(NPK三养分)能力得到提高,施肥效果发生变化。在稻麦连续免耕和种稻时免耕的区内,土壤供肥能力提高的数量甚多,提高的幅度以氮、磷较大,钾较小。该二区内元麦产量较高,钾肥效果极显著,磷肥无效。连续免耕区0—6cm土壤氮素及0—6,6—14cm土壤磷素有效性均明显提高。在种麦时免耕的区内,土壤供肥能力提高的数量较少,三种养分提高的幅度较为接近,磷、钾肥效均极显著。在常规耕作区内,元麦产量水平最低,磷肥效果最为显著,提高产量磷肥比钾肥更为重要。氮肥效果在连续免耕和种稻时免耕的区内较种麦时免耕和常规耕作区内为大。
In the no-tillage (the fourth year) experimental plots on paddy-rice-wheat tri-paddy soil in the Taihu Lake region, the fertility of different fertilizers and fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were measured. Soil preparation for no tillage is a shallow tillage method with a depth of 3 to 6 cm of loose soil, a darker paddy field and a shallower wheat field. After no tillage, the soil physical properties were better, the root growth was favorable, the ability of soil to supply nutrients (NPK three nutrients) was improved, and the effect of fertilization changed. In the areas of continuous no-tillage and no-tillage of rice and wheat, there was a great increase in soil available fertilizers, with a larger increase of nitrogen and phosphorus and a smaller amount of potassium. The yield of wheat in the two districts is higher, the effect of potash is very significant and the fertilizer is ineffective. Soil nitrogen in 0-6cm and phosphorus availability in 0-6,6-14cm soil in continuous no-tillage area increased obviously. In the no-tillage area, the quantity of soil fertility increased little, the three nutrients increased more closely, and the efficiencies of phosphorus and potassium were extremely significant. In conventional farming area, the lowest yield of wheat, phosphate fertilizer is the most significant, to increase production of phosphate fertilizer is more important than potassium. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer was greater in no-tillage and continuous-tillage areas than in non-tillage and conventional tillage areas.