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一、概述1.国外进展放顶煤开采法由来已久,而综采引入此法则是在1957年,苏联库兹巴斯煤田的托姆乌辛斯克矿区,用于开采Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ号煤层,煤厚9～12米,倾角5～18°。顶层先长壁开采,铺设有钢带的金属底网;然后底层沿底板用KTY掩护支架,其顶煤放炮破碎后由掩护梁上的天窗放入运输机。后因支架本身的问题没有发展起来,从而导致液压支架在开采厚煤层时向两个方向发展:一向高架型发展,1976年,在杜塞多夫国际采矿设备展览会上已展出5米高样机;二向重力落煤发展,1962年,在KTY支架基础上,法国研制出“香蕉”型典型支架,逐使厚煤层的开采得以演化出“放顶煤综采法”这一分支。
I. OVERVIEW 1. Overseas Progress Caving method has been established for a long time. The principle of fully mechanized coal mining was introduced in the Tomtusinsinsk mine of Kuzbass coalfield in the Soviet Union in 1957 for mining Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ Seam, coal thickness 9 ~ 12 meters, dip 5 ~ 18 °. The top of the top long mining, laying metal strips of steel at the end of the network; then bottom along the floor with KTY shield bracket, the top coal blasting crushed by the roof beams on the shelves into the transport aircraft. Afterwards, the problem of the support itself was not developed, which led to the development of the hydraulic support in two directions when it was being exploited: an over-the-top development. In 1976, a 5-meter-high at the Dusseldorf International Mining Equipment Exhibition Prototype; two-way gravity coal development, in 1962, based on the KTY stent, France developed a “banana” type of typical stent, by thick coal seam mining to evolve the “top coal caving method” this branch.