[目的]筛选适合安徽省种植的高产小麦品种,了解安徽省目前小麦产量表现,对产量的影响因素进行探讨,以便制定适宜的小麦栽培方法。[方法]2009~2011年选取安徽省主推小麦和最新选育的小麦新品系在阜南、龙亢两点种植,研究3年来小麦品种丰产稳产性及产量三要素对小麦产量的影响,分析制约安徽省小麦产量的主要因素。[结果]气象因素对小麦产量的影响较大,不同年份间小麦产量差异明显,干旱是制约小麦高产的主要因子。[结论]①产量三要素协调易获得小麦高产。②2011年度的干旱是制约小麦千粒重的主要因素,进而影响小麦的产量。③不同品种的丰产稳产性不同,该试验中皖科06290和烟农19表现出较好的稳产性,新福麦1号表现出较好的丰产性。④对不同特性的小麦品种,产量三要素对不同品种的产量重要性不同。在小麦推广过程中充分了解品种特性,根据小麦品种特点配套栽培措施,使小麦达到高产。 [Objective] The study aimed to screen high-yielding wheat varieties suitable for planting in Anhui Province, understand the current wheat yield performance in Anhui Province, and discuss the influencing factors on yield in order to make appropriate cultivation methods for wheat. [Method] From 2009 to 2011, the wheat lines with the most new wheat in Anhui Province and the newly-bred wheat lines were planted in Funan and Longqin for two years. The effects of high and stable yield of wheat varieties and three elements of yield on wheat yield in the past three years were studied. Main Factors of Wheat Yield in Anhui Province. [Result] The meteorological factors had a great influence on the yield of wheat, the difference of wheat yield was significant in different years, and the drought was the main factor restricting the high yield of wheat. [Conclusion] ① High yield of wheat was easily obtained by coordinating yield and three elements. ② 2011 drought is a major factor restricting the 1000-grain weight of wheat, thereby affecting the yield of wheat. ③ The yield stability of different varieties is different. In this experiment, Wanke 06290 and Yannong 19 showed good stability, and Xinfomai 1 showed good yield. ④ For different varieties of wheat, the yield of the three elements of different varieties of different importance. In the wheat promotion process fully understand the characteristics of varieties, according to the characteristics of wheat varieties supporting cultivation measures to achieve high yield wheat.