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随着新课程改革的进行，单词以及教学材料等多方面都做了很大的改变，越来越多的学生对新教材和教学内容产生了浓厚的兴趣。然而，语法内容的教学却不会改变，对于老师来说，怎样在新的形势下教授语法尤为重要，可以说也是一种挑战。为了吸引更多的学生学好语法，我们教师可以选用一种新的方式来呈现语法的内容——提纲式教学。笔着通过实践发现英语语法提纲式教学在学习语法中对学生理解，归纳，总结和对比都有所帮助。
笔者在教学过程当中发现，很多学生在学习英语过程当中，对句子结构糊涂。当遇到长句子，或者句子结构稍微复杂一点时，他们就不能准确的翻译出来，影响学生对句子含义的理解。在写作当中，老师们也会发现，很多学生写出的句子结构不完整，影响了写作的得分。甚至，有些同学认为where 等于in which。所以，对于学生来说，让他们说出句子有哪些类型那是更难的事。学生们不能很好的辨识出，相同的连词在不同类型句子中，充当的成分和含义是不一样的。通过提纲式教学，它在帮助学生理清思路的同时也帮学生很好地抓住了语法内容的主干，便于学生当堂记忆和日后复习。笔者也希望，学生通过提纲式教学的学习，对语法内容有一个整体的概念，使抽象的语法更具体，便于在记忆中形象化。
下面笔者将从句子结构入手，重点体现提纲式教学在定语从句中的运用。（横线内容需由学生完成）
句子归纳为：简单句，并列句，复合句。
1.简单句：①主语 谓语；②主语 谓语 宾语；③主语 系动词 表语；④主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语；⑤主语 谓语 宾语 补语；⑥祈使句。
2.并列句：简单句 并列连词 简单句
并列连词：and， but， or， for， so， both…and…，either…or，either…nor…，not only…but also…
3.复合句：①状语从句：（时间状语从句 ，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句，目的状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，方式状语从句，比较状语从句）②定语从句；③名词性从句：（主语从句，名词性从句，宾语从句，表语从句）
定语从句提纲
一、基本概念
1.修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，所修饰的词叫先行词，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词的后面。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
2.引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。
可分为：
①关系代词：who whom which as that whose
（在从句中做主语或宾语，whose 做定语既可指人又可指物）
②关系副词：where when why （在从句中做地点、时间、原因状语）
关系词的三个作用：① 引导定语从句；②代替先行词；③在从句中充当一个成分（ 关系词如果在从句中作宾语时常常省略）。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.The boy who/that are playing football are from Class One.
2.Yesterday I helped an old man who/that lose his way.
3.Mr. Liu is the person who/whom/that you talked about on the bus.
4.Where is the man who/whom/that I saw this morning.
5.Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys.
6.This is the pen which/that he bought yesterday.
7.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose family was poor.
8.I don’t like the high building whose windows are too small.
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
1.I still remember the days when we studied together in the school
2.This is the house where Shakespeare was born.
3.The reason why he refused the invitation is not clear.
四、介词 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词：whom which whose
介词的选择：①与先行词有关；②与从句的谓语动词有关。
1.The school at which he once studied is very famous.
at which 换为 where
2.I still remember the day on which I first came to the school.
on which 换为 when
3.The reason for which I was late was the heavy traffic.
for which 换为 why
4.The plane on which we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.
5.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. 6.We will go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
7.The boss in whose department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.
8.This is the watch that / which / ＼ I am looking for.
（从句中含有介词的动词短语时一般不拆开使用，如：look for，look after，take care of等）
五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1.She is a teacher，who is clear from her manner.
2.Who Move My Cheese？ which is a best-selling book，is written by Spencer Johnson.
3.The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.
4.Carol said the work would be done by October，which personally I doubt very much.
5.He is from the south，as we can see from his accent.
（ which和as的先行词还可以是整个句子或者句子所陈述的内容。）
6.He is a man of rich experience，whose much knowledge can be learned.
7.He lived his parents deeply，both of whom （父母俩人都）are very kind to him.
8.In the basket there are quite many apples，some of which （它们中的一些）have gone bad.
9.There are 40 students in our class in all，most of whom （他们的大多数）are from big cities.
10.In Sydney，the Chinese team got 28 gold medal，18 of which （其中18块金牌） were won by women.
（“介词 关系代词”前可有some，all，none，both，any，neither，most，each，few 等代词或 数词）。
1.I like to live in the house，whose windows face south.
whose换为：the windows of which/of which the windows
2.I like the book，whose color is yellow？
whose换为：the color of which/of which the color
六、注意关系词that
在限制性定语从句中，如果关系词在从句中做主语或宾语时，只能用that 的几种情况（先行词指人时，亦可以用who）：
1.当先行词是something，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，all，none，few，some等代词时，或者是由all，any，every，no，little，much ，very等修饰时。
e.g.Everything that he can do is done.
That is all that she knows.
2.当先行词被 序数词 修饰时。
e.g.The third place that they visited in Beijing was the Great Wall.
3.当先行词被形容词 最高级 修饰时。
e.g.This is the best film that I have seen.
4.当先行词被the only ，the very ，the next，the first，the last 修饰时。
e.g.This is the very bike that I want to buy.
After the fire in his house，the old car is the only thing that he owned.
5.当先行词既有人，又有物时。
e.g.He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
6.当先行词前面有who，which等疑问代词时。
e.g.Who is the man that is standing there？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most？
7.当先行词是to be 表语，或关系代词本身是从句的表语时。
e.g.My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be
She is not the girl that she was three years ago.
8.当主句以there be 开头时。
e.g.There is a seat in the corner that is still free.
There is a boy who is handsome.
9.一个句中含有两个定语从句，如果前一个从句中已用who/which时。
e.g.The man who is at the table is his brother that has been serving in the army.
I will borrow a book which tells about the heroic deeds that the PLA did in the battles against the invaders.
10.当两个定语从句的结构如果平行，一个定语从句已用关系代词that时。
e.g.He told me to read a book that is very short，and that is very interesting.
七、区别关系词as和which
八、以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which，that引导，而且通常可以省略
e.g.The way that / in which / ＼ he answered the question was surprising.
九、区别定语从句和同位语从句
笔者在教学过程当中发现，很多学生在学习英语过程当中，对句子结构糊涂。当遇到长句子，或者句子结构稍微复杂一点时，他们就不能准确的翻译出来，影响学生对句子含义的理解。在写作当中，老师们也会发现，很多学生写出的句子结构不完整，影响了写作的得分。甚至，有些同学认为where 等于in which。所以，对于学生来说，让他们说出句子有哪些类型那是更难的事。学生们不能很好的辨识出，相同的连词在不同类型句子中，充当的成分和含义是不一样的。通过提纲式教学，它在帮助学生理清思路的同时也帮学生很好地抓住了语法内容的主干，便于学生当堂记忆和日后复习。笔者也希望，学生通过提纲式教学的学习，对语法内容有一个整体的概念，使抽象的语法更具体，便于在记忆中形象化。
下面笔者将从句子结构入手，重点体现提纲式教学在定语从句中的运用。（横线内容需由学生完成）
句子归纳为：简单句，并列句，复合句。
1.简单句：①主语 谓语；②主语 谓语 宾语；③主语 系动词 表语；④主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语；⑤主语 谓语 宾语 补语；⑥祈使句。
2.并列句：简单句 并列连词 简单句
并列连词：and， but， or， for， so， both…and…，either…or，either…nor…，not only…but also…
3.复合句：①状语从句：（时间状语从句 ，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句，目的状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，方式状语从句，比较状语从句）②定语从句；③名词性从句：（主语从句，名词性从句，宾语从句，表语从句）
定语从句提纲
一、基本概念
1.修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，所修饰的词叫先行词，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词的后面。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
2.引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。
可分为：
①关系代词：who whom which as that whose
（在从句中做主语或宾语，whose 做定语既可指人又可指物）
②关系副词：where when why （在从句中做地点、时间、原因状语）
关系词的三个作用：① 引导定语从句；②代替先行词；③在从句中充当一个成分（ 关系词如果在从句中作宾语时常常省略）。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.The boy who/that are playing football are from Class One.
2.Yesterday I helped an old man who/that lose his way.
3.Mr. Liu is the person who/whom/that you talked about on the bus.
4.Where is the man who/whom/that I saw this morning.
5.Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys.
6.This is the pen which/that he bought yesterday.
7.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose family was poor.
8.I don’t like the high building whose windows are too small.
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
1.I still remember the days when we studied together in the school
2.This is the house where Shakespeare was born.
3.The reason why he refused the invitation is not clear.
四、介词 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词：whom which whose
介词的选择：①与先行词有关；②与从句的谓语动词有关。
1.The school at which he once studied is very famous.
at which 换为 where
2.I still remember the day on which I first came to the school.
on which 换为 when
3.The reason for which I was late was the heavy traffic.
for which 换为 why
4.The plane on which we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.
5.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. 6.We will go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
7.The boss in whose department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.
8.This is the watch that / which / ＼ I am looking for.
（从句中含有介词的动词短语时一般不拆开使用，如：look for，look after，take care of等）
五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1.She is a teacher，who is clear from her manner.
2.Who Move My Cheese？ which is a best-selling book，is written by Spencer Johnson.
3.The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.
4.Carol said the work would be done by October，which personally I doubt very much.
5.He is from the south，as we can see from his accent.
（ which和as的先行词还可以是整个句子或者句子所陈述的内容。）
6.He is a man of rich experience，whose much knowledge can be learned.
7.He lived his parents deeply，both of whom （父母俩人都）are very kind to him.
8.In the basket there are quite many apples，some of which （它们中的一些）have gone bad.
9.There are 40 students in our class in all，most of whom （他们的大多数）are from big cities.
10.In Sydney，the Chinese team got 28 gold medal，18 of which （其中18块金牌） were won by women.
（“介词 关系代词”前可有some，all，none，both，any，neither，most，each，few 等代词或 数词）。
1.I like to live in the house，whose windows face south.
whose换为：the windows of which/of which the windows
2.I like the book，whose color is yellow？
whose换为：the color of which/of which the color
六、注意关系词that
在限制性定语从句中，如果关系词在从句中做主语或宾语时，只能用that 的几种情况（先行词指人时，亦可以用who）：
1.当先行词是something，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，all，none，few，some等代词时，或者是由all，any，every，no，little，much ，very等修饰时。
e.g.Everything that he can do is done.
That is all that she knows.
2.当先行词被 序数词 修饰时。
e.g.The third place that they visited in Beijing was the Great Wall.
3.当先行词被形容词 最高级 修饰时。
e.g.This is the best film that I have seen.
4.当先行词被the only ，the very ，the next，the first，the last 修饰时。
e.g.This is the very bike that I want to buy.
After the fire in his house，the old car is the only thing that he owned.
5.当先行词既有人，又有物时。
e.g.He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
6.当先行词前面有who，which等疑问代词时。
e.g.Who is the man that is standing there？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most？
7.当先行词是to be 表语，或关系代词本身是从句的表语时。
e.g.My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be
She is not the girl that she was three years ago.
8.当主句以there be 开头时。
e.g.There is a seat in the corner that is still free.
There is a boy who is handsome.
9.一个句中含有两个定语从句，如果前一个从句中已用who/which时。
e.g.The man who is at the table is his brother that has been serving in the army.
I will borrow a book which tells about the heroic deeds that the PLA did in the battles against the invaders.
10.当两个定语从句的结构如果平行，一个定语从句已用关系代词that时。
e.g.He told me to read a book that is very short，and that is very interesting.
七、区别关系词as和which
八、以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which，that引导，而且通常可以省略
e.g.The way that / in which / ＼ he answered the question was surprising.
九、区别定语从句和同位语从句