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经典的马克思主义经济学将资本有机构成和剩余价值率变化归结为影响利润率下降的主要因素。当代西方新马克思主义经济学对此问题的研究除了考虑这两个因素外,还考虑了真实工资率、劳动生产率、生产性劳动和非生产性劳动的比例变化、社会制度和冲突的积累,以及人口的统计学因素等。他们对利润率下降规律的实证研究采用了多样化的方法,得出了完全不同的结论:利润率或是上升的,或是下降的,或是具有不确定性。这些理论和实证研究为我国马克思主义经济学理论的创新提供了新的思路和方法。
Classical Marxist economics attributed the changes in the organic composition of capital and the residual value rate to the major factors affecting the drop in profit margin. In addition to considering these two factors, the study of this issue in contemporary Western Neo-Marxist economics considers real wage rates, labor productivity, changes in the proportions of productive and unproductive labor, the accumulation of social institutions and conflicts, and Demographic factors and so on. Their empirical study of the law of declining profit rates employs a variety of approaches and leads to a completely different conclusion: whether the rate of profit rises or falls, or is uncertain. These theoretical and empirical studies provide new ideas and methods for the innovation of Marxist economic theory in our country.