目的　分析甲状腺肿瘤并发气管病变的相关因素。方法　对手术治疗的 46 3例甲状腺肿瘤病人的气管并发病变进行分类。结果　 38例有不同程度的气管并发症。经统计学处理比较 :气管移位、狭窄、软化与病理诊断差异无显著性 ,但与肿瘤发生部位差异显著。气管移位狭窄以肿瘤直径在 10cm以上者为主 ,而气管软化则在病史超过 10年者多见。气管痉挛发生在手术中。结论　甲状腺肿瘤并发气管病变与病史长短、肿瘤大小、肿瘤发生部位及术中对气管的刺激有关 Objective To analyze the related factors of thyroid tumor complicated by tracheal diseases. Methods Thirty-six patients with thyroid tumors underwent surgical treatment. Results 38 patients had different degrees of tracheal complications. After statistical analysis, there was no significant difference in tracheal displacement, stenosis, softening and pathological diagnosis, but it was significantly different from the location of tumor. Tracheal stenosis is mainly based on tumor diameters above 10 cm, whereas tracheal softening is more common in patients with a history of more than 10 years. Tracheal fistula occurs during surgery. Conclusion Tracheal lesions associated with thyroid tumors are related to the length of the disease, the size of the tumor, the site of the tumor and the intraoperative stimulation of the trachea.