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本文以解决秸秆禁烧问题为研究背景,以黑龙江垦区内最大的水旱兼作局——红兴隆管理局为研究对象,总结近5年来解决秸秆禁烧问题所采取的各种方法和有效途径。2011年之前,有5%的秸秆采取打包送造纸厂和热电厂利用一部分,其余绝大部分采取烧荒的形式化解秸秆问题;2011年之后,管理局通过引进秸秆还田的配套机械解决了机械装备。通过引进秸秆还田技术、免耕播种技术解决了整地和播种过程中的瓶颈问题。通过加大宣传力度、召开各类技术研讨会和现场会解决了技术管理人员和职工的思想顾虑。通过利用国家惠农资金对参加秸秆还田作业的种植户予以资金补助的形式鼓励种植户秸秆还田。通过两年的跟踪试验,充分证明了秸秆还田的可行性。在2013年底解决了玉米秸秆还田问题,在2015年底解决了30%的水稻秸秆还田问题,2016年计划继续利用国家惠农资金对参加秸秆还田作业的种植户进行补助,预计在2016年底将实现水稻秸秆70%还田和综合利用,到2017年底实现水稻秸秆100%还田和综合利用,至此将此项技术推广到全垦区,完全解决水稻秸秆禁烧问题。
In this paper, to solve the problem of forbidden straw burning as the research background, take the biggest flood and drought bureau in Heilongjiang reclamation area as the research object, summarize various methods and effective ways to solve the straw burning problem in the past five years. Before 2011, 5% of the straw was taken for packing and sent to the paper mill and thermal power plant for utilization, while most of the rest took the form of burning to solve the straw problem. After 2011, the bureau solved the mechanical equipment by introducing the supporting machinery for returning straw to soil. By introducing straw into the field technology, no-till sowing technology to solve the problem of soil preparation and sowing in the process of bottlenecks. Through intensifying propaganda efforts, all kinds of technical seminars and on-site meetings were held to solve the ideological concerns of technical managers and staff. Through the use of national beneficiaries of funds to participate in straw-returning operations to farmers in the form of financial assistance to encourage farmers to return to straw. Through two years of follow-up test, fully proved the feasibility of straw returning. By the end of 2013, the problem of returning maize straw to the fields was solved, and 30% of the problems of returning rice straw to the rice fields were solved by the end of 2015. In 2016, it is planned to continue using the national beneficiary funds to subsidize the growers participating in the straw returning operations. Will achieve 70% return of rice straw and comprehensive utilization, by the end of 2017 to achieve 100% return of rice straw and comprehensive utilization, so far this technology will be extended to all reclamation area, completely solve the problem of banned rice straw.