窟窿体 (vault)是生物细胞内新发现的细胞器 ,从粘菌到人类 ,构成窟窿体的各种大分子 ,其氨基酸或核酸序列在进化上高度保守。人类窟窿体由三种蛋白质和十六条RNA短链构成 ,主要分布于具有分泌与排泄功能的上皮细胞内。窟窿体可能通过细胞核 -细胞质间的物质转运、囊泡隔离与运输、胞吐作用、甚至DNA修复等机制导致肿瘤细胞的多药耐药。而人类窟窿体主要构件———肺耐药蛋白 (lungresistanceprotein ,LRP)已被公认为又一个肿瘤细胞抗药性表型标志物 ,可用于化疗敏感性评价及预后判断。 Vaults are newly discovered organelles in living cells. From macromolecules to humans, macromolecules that form hole-openings have amino acid or nucleic acid sequences that are evolutionarily conserved. Human hole is composed of three kinds of proteins and 16 short-chain RNAs, which are mainly distributed in epithelial cells with secretion and excretion function. The hole can cause multidrug resistance of tumor cells through mechanisms such as material transport between nucleus and cytoplasm, isolation and transport of vesicles, exocytosis and even DNA repair. However, lung resistance protein (LRP), a major component of human hole, has been recognized as another tumor-resistant phenotype marker and can be used to evaluate chemosensitivity and prognosis.