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我们先来看一看2011年高考安徽卷的任务型读写题原题。
(2011年高考安徽卷)If we agree that the function of education is to prepare us for life, then there is very little time to waste. So, while we can, we ought to concentrate on teaching children something really useful. Here is what our school should teach.
Politeness is a mark of civilization. The sooner children learn this, the better. In any case, a lot can be accomplished by a smile and good manners.
Like it or not, our adult lives will be consumed by the struggle for money, but we don't make an effort to teach children how to manage it. So our schools have a duty to teach them this ability from the beginning.
We're likely to accept something we are told, but that's not what educated people do. Educated people are reasonable and they look at facts. If our schools teach nothing else, they should at least teach critical(批判性的)thinking.
Children should learn to take care of their health. They should know that if they eat junk food(垃圾食品), they will become fat and unhealthy. They should be very clear about what happens to their bodies when they drink or smoke.
All of us are part of society. We have rights and responsibilities. We ought to understand what they are. We have to know a little bit of history and geography, because we need to have an environment in which to relate to the people around us.
How will we test students on these? We can't. But that's not a reason to avoid teaching what is important.Our schools should spend every moment they have telling this to our children: “This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it.”
Title Very Useful (76) .
Introduction Education should be a (77) for life .
Advice Important things should be taught in (78)
.
Teaching(79)
●How to behave(80) .
●The basic skill of (81) money .
●How to (82) in a critical way .
●How to keep (83) .
●The rights and responsibilities one has in (84) .
Conclusion Children should be taught what (85) is and how to deal with it.
任务型读写题要求考生从一段300词左右的短文中提取有效信息,完成表格。该题是易失分题。任务型读写题有一个特点,那就是需要填的单词几乎都能够从短文中找到来源。有的是原词复现,也就是直接从原文中寻找所填词,这类词语一般有三四个;有的是通过转换得来,也就是把文章中某句或某词换一个说法得到所填词,这类词语一般有五六个。因此,练就“火眼金睛”,从短文中快速找到答案的单词来源,正确变形是解题的必经之路。此外,任务型读写题还有一个特点,就是段落较多且短。这就意味着每个段落中可能有一到两个答案来源点。
首先我们要细读首段,了解文章的写作内容或对象,然后快速扫描表格中的设空内容,根据设空在文章中逐段寻找信息。在原文中寻找信息是有技巧的,考生可以根据问题与段落的对应顺序一一对照寻找,也就是说,如果第三题的答案在原文的第二段,那么第四题的答案就可能在第二段或者第三段,几乎不可能出现在第一段。此外,我们在寻找信息的时候,要懂得抓住问题中的关键词,然后快速回到短文中寻找相同的词语。我们所找的答案来源有三种。
·原形复现·
这一种词语可从原文中直接寻找,一般有两三个,是考生稳定的得分点,不容有失。如:
【原题76】 Very Useful (76)
解析:这里所要完善的是文章的标题。在通读全文,了解文章的主旨大意后可知,文章所讲的是一些非常有用的学校教育。放眼全文,到处都是教育、教学等单词,我们可以照抄。答案为Teaching∕Education∕Schooling。
【原题78】Important things should be taught in (78)
.
解析:短文的主旨大意是学校应该教会我们一些重要的事情。这里所说的是学校教育,不是家庭教育。而且原文第一段的最后一句“Here is what our school should teach”也明确地指出了school这个单词,考生只要照着填写就可以了。答案为school或者schools。
【原题84】The rights and responsibilities one has in (84) .
解析:根据问题中的关键词——rights and respon-sibilities到原文中寻找信息。我们可以发现原文倒数第二段的第一句和第二句直接出现了rights and responsibilities,那么我们所要找的答案肯定就在这附近。All of us are part of society.(我们是社会中的一员。)We have rights and responsibilities.(我们有责任和义务。)原文中的society是名词,题目中需要填入的词语也是名词,因此可以直接照抄society。答案为society。
【原题85】Children should be taught what (85)
is and how to deal with it.
解析:根据段落与问题顺序对应原则,85题在84题之后,那么我们可以在倒数第一段或者倒数第二段中寻找答案。快速扫描倒数第一段可发现关键词句——how you deal with it,这里出现了和题目一模一样的字眼,我们可以毫不犹豫地在这一段寻找答案。从原句(This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it)中,我们可以确定答案为life。
·变形·
变形,即把文章中某句或某词换一个说法得到所填词,这需要一定的理解归纳能力。这样的词占五六个。常见的转换方式如下。
同一单词或词组的形式转换。主要有名词与动词的转换,如develop→development;名词与形容词的转换,如value→valuable;形容词与副词的转换,如healthy→healthily;动词各种形式(原形、不定时、现在分词、过去分析)的转换;否定形式转换,如be not permitted→be forbidden。
同一句话意思的转换,如Mistakes are not rep-eated again.→We should avoid making the same mistakes.
【原题77】Education should be a (77) for life.
解析:根据段落与问题顺序对应原则,我们可以在第一段的第一句(If we agree that the function of education is to prepare us for life)中发现问题中的几个关键词——education,for life,根据句意“如果我们认为教育是为我们的生活做准备”可知,原77题缺少的正是一个名词——准备。原文中只有动词prepare,考生需要将动词变形为名词。答案为preparation。
【原题80】How to behave (80) .
解析:谨记段落与问题顺序对应原则。本题答案在第二段找。第二段主要是讲如何教孩子表现得更礼貌。第80空应填入表示“礼貌,好,正确”之意的形容词。原文中有表示礼貌的名词——politeness,考生只需要把名词politeness变形为形容词politely即可。答案为politely∕well∕properly。
【原题81】The basic skill of (81) money.
解析:答案在第三段找。从句子“Like it or not,our adult lives will be consumed by the struggle for money,but we don't make an effort to teach children how to manage it”中可以知道81空要填入的词一定是与manage相关的词语,of后加动词ing形式,因此本题的答案为managing。
【原题82】How to (82) in a critical way.
解析:答案在第四段找。从原文中快速寻找到与critical way相关的句子——If our schools teach nothing else, they should at least teach critical(批判性的)thinking。句意是“如果学校没有教孩子任何东西,那么至少应该教会孩子批判性地思考问题。”由此可知第82空中应该填入表示“思考”的单词,原文中已经出现了thinking,我们需要做的就是确定第82空中需要填入什么词性的单词。从最简单的句型how to do sth.可推理第82空中需要填入动词原形——think。
【原题83】How to keep (83) .
解析:答案在第五段找。第五段落主要是讲学校应该教育孩子如何保持身体健康。keep healthy是常见的搭配,如果不会写healthy这个单词,考生可以从原文中找相关信息——they will become fat and unhealthy,只要通过将unhealthy变形就可以得到healthy。本题答案为healthy。
·总结概括·
还有一种答案需要通过总体概况得到。这样的词主要填在表格左侧的竖栏中,一般是表示项目或者提示性的单词,而右边是分条列出的具体内容。左侧竖栏中可填的词一般可归纳为以下几类。
①目的主旨:aim,purpose,theme,title;
②优劣点:advantage,disadvantage;
③异同点:similarity,difference;
④建议:suggestion,tip,advice,instruction;
⑤态度、观点:attitude to∕towards,opinion of,view,thought;
⑥简介某个现象或者问题:introduction,phenom-enon,problem;
⑦结论:conclusion;
⑧积极和消极:positive,negative;
⑨方式、方法:method,means,way,approach,solution。
【原题79】Teaching (79)
解析:要填的空在表格左侧的竖栏中,对应的右侧是分条罗列的学校需要教育孩子的项目,也可以说是学校需要教育孩子的内容、建议等,该题的答案为Content (s)∕content (s)∕Subjects∕subjects∕Topics∕topics。
这种题目几乎不可能从原文中找到答案,考查的就是实实在在的词汇掌握量。考生可以做的就是不停地积累相关词汇,每做完一道任务型读写题,就回头看看竖栏左侧的单词,对于那些新鲜的、少见的,都应该进行整理。
注意事项:①本题改卷要求严格,某空的字母写得不清楚或者错写,该空不得分,因此要注意大小写、时态、语态、人称、单复数、前后缀的书写;
②要注意控制时间,本题的答题时间一般不超过10分钟。
(2011年高考安徽卷)If we agree that the function of education is to prepare us for life, then there is very little time to waste. So, while we can, we ought to concentrate on teaching children something really useful. Here is what our school should teach.
Politeness is a mark of civilization. The sooner children learn this, the better. In any case, a lot can be accomplished by a smile and good manners.
Like it or not, our adult lives will be consumed by the struggle for money, but we don't make an effort to teach children how to manage it. So our schools have a duty to teach them this ability from the beginning.
We're likely to accept something we are told, but that's not what educated people do. Educated people are reasonable and they look at facts. If our schools teach nothing else, they should at least teach critical(批判性的)thinking.
Children should learn to take care of their health. They should know that if they eat junk food(垃圾食品), they will become fat and unhealthy. They should be very clear about what happens to their bodies when they drink or smoke.
All of us are part of society. We have rights and responsibilities. We ought to understand what they are. We have to know a little bit of history and geography, because we need to have an environment in which to relate to the people around us.
How will we test students on these? We can't. But that's not a reason to avoid teaching what is important.Our schools should spend every moment they have telling this to our children: “This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it.”
Title Very Useful (76) .
Introduction Education should be a (77) for life .
Advice Important things should be taught in (78)
.
Teaching(79)
●How to behave(80) .
●The basic skill of (81) money .
●How to (82) in a critical way .
●How to keep (83) .
●The rights and responsibilities one has in (84) .
Conclusion Children should be taught what (85) is and how to deal with it.
任务型读写题要求考生从一段300词左右的短文中提取有效信息,完成表格。该题是易失分题。任务型读写题有一个特点,那就是需要填的单词几乎都能够从短文中找到来源。有的是原词复现,也就是直接从原文中寻找所填词,这类词语一般有三四个;有的是通过转换得来,也就是把文章中某句或某词换一个说法得到所填词,这类词语一般有五六个。因此,练就“火眼金睛”,从短文中快速找到答案的单词来源,正确变形是解题的必经之路。此外,任务型读写题还有一个特点,就是段落较多且短。这就意味着每个段落中可能有一到两个答案来源点。
首先我们要细读首段,了解文章的写作内容或对象,然后快速扫描表格中的设空内容,根据设空在文章中逐段寻找信息。在原文中寻找信息是有技巧的,考生可以根据问题与段落的对应顺序一一对照寻找,也就是说,如果第三题的答案在原文的第二段,那么第四题的答案就可能在第二段或者第三段,几乎不可能出现在第一段。此外,我们在寻找信息的时候,要懂得抓住问题中的关键词,然后快速回到短文中寻找相同的词语。我们所找的答案来源有三种。
·原形复现·
这一种词语可从原文中直接寻找,一般有两三个,是考生稳定的得分点,不容有失。如:
【原题76】 Very Useful (76)
解析:这里所要完善的是文章的标题。在通读全文,了解文章的主旨大意后可知,文章所讲的是一些非常有用的学校教育。放眼全文,到处都是教育、教学等单词,我们可以照抄。答案为Teaching∕Education∕Schooling。
【原题78】Important things should be taught in (78)
.
解析:短文的主旨大意是学校应该教会我们一些重要的事情。这里所说的是学校教育,不是家庭教育。而且原文第一段的最后一句“Here is what our school should teach”也明确地指出了school这个单词,考生只要照着填写就可以了。答案为school或者schools。
【原题84】The rights and responsibilities one has in (84) .
解析:根据问题中的关键词——rights and respon-sibilities到原文中寻找信息。我们可以发现原文倒数第二段的第一句和第二句直接出现了rights and responsibilities,那么我们所要找的答案肯定就在这附近。All of us are part of society.(我们是社会中的一员。)We have rights and responsibilities.(我们有责任和义务。)原文中的society是名词,题目中需要填入的词语也是名词,因此可以直接照抄society。答案为society。
【原题85】Children should be taught what (85)
is and how to deal with it.
解析:根据段落与问题顺序对应原则,85题在84题之后,那么我们可以在倒数第一段或者倒数第二段中寻找答案。快速扫描倒数第一段可发现关键词句——how you deal with it,这里出现了和题目一模一样的字眼,我们可以毫不犹豫地在这一段寻找答案。从原句(This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it)中,我们可以确定答案为life。
·变形·
变形,即把文章中某句或某词换一个说法得到所填词,这需要一定的理解归纳能力。这样的词占五六个。常见的转换方式如下。
同一单词或词组的形式转换。主要有名词与动词的转换,如develop→development;名词与形容词的转换,如value→valuable;形容词与副词的转换,如healthy→healthily;动词各种形式(原形、不定时、现在分词、过去分析)的转换;否定形式转换,如be not permitted→be forbidden。
同一句话意思的转换,如Mistakes are not rep-eated again.→We should avoid making the same mistakes.
【原题77】Education should be a (77) for life.
解析:根据段落与问题顺序对应原则,我们可以在第一段的第一句(If we agree that the function of education is to prepare us for life)中发现问题中的几个关键词——education,for life,根据句意“如果我们认为教育是为我们的生活做准备”可知,原77题缺少的正是一个名词——准备。原文中只有动词prepare,考生需要将动词变形为名词。答案为preparation。
【原题80】How to behave (80) .
解析:谨记段落与问题顺序对应原则。本题答案在第二段找。第二段主要是讲如何教孩子表现得更礼貌。第80空应填入表示“礼貌,好,正确”之意的形容词。原文中有表示礼貌的名词——politeness,考生只需要把名词politeness变形为形容词politely即可。答案为politely∕well∕properly。
【原题81】The basic skill of (81) money.
解析:答案在第三段找。从句子“Like it or not,our adult lives will be consumed by the struggle for money,but we don't make an effort to teach children how to manage it”中可以知道81空要填入的词一定是与manage相关的词语,of后加动词ing形式,因此本题的答案为managing。
【原题82】How to (82) in a critical way.
解析:答案在第四段找。从原文中快速寻找到与critical way相关的句子——If our schools teach nothing else, they should at least teach critical(批判性的)thinking。句意是“如果学校没有教孩子任何东西,那么至少应该教会孩子批判性地思考问题。”由此可知第82空中应该填入表示“思考”的单词,原文中已经出现了thinking,我们需要做的就是确定第82空中需要填入什么词性的单词。从最简单的句型how to do sth.可推理第82空中需要填入动词原形——think。
【原题83】How to keep (83) .
解析:答案在第五段找。第五段落主要是讲学校应该教育孩子如何保持身体健康。keep healthy是常见的搭配,如果不会写healthy这个单词,考生可以从原文中找相关信息——they will become fat and unhealthy,只要通过将unhealthy变形就可以得到healthy。本题答案为healthy。
·总结概括·
还有一种答案需要通过总体概况得到。这样的词主要填在表格左侧的竖栏中,一般是表示项目或者提示性的单词,而右边是分条列出的具体内容。左侧竖栏中可填的词一般可归纳为以下几类。
①目的主旨:aim,purpose,theme,title;
②优劣点:advantage,disadvantage;
③异同点:similarity,difference;
④建议:suggestion,tip,advice,instruction;
⑤态度、观点:attitude to∕towards,opinion of,view,thought;
⑥简介某个现象或者问题:introduction,phenom-enon,problem;
⑦结论:conclusion;
⑧积极和消极:positive,negative;
⑨方式、方法:method,means,way,approach,solution。
【原题79】Teaching (79)
解析:要填的空在表格左侧的竖栏中,对应的右侧是分条罗列的学校需要教育孩子的项目,也可以说是学校需要教育孩子的内容、建议等,该题的答案为Content (s)∕content (s)∕Subjects∕subjects∕Topics∕topics。
这种题目几乎不可能从原文中找到答案,考查的就是实实在在的词汇掌握量。考生可以做的就是不停地积累相关词汇,每做完一道任务型读写题,就回头看看竖栏左侧的单词,对于那些新鲜的、少见的,都应该进行整理。
注意事项:①本题改卷要求严格,某空的字母写得不清楚或者错写,该空不得分,因此要注意大小写、时态、语态、人称、单复数、前后缀的书写;
②要注意控制时间,本题的答题时间一般不超过10分钟。