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本文对铝MIG 焊接电弧固有自身调节作用、物理本质、形成机理及影响因素进行了研究。用自制的电弧演示装置及平特性(CV)电源和垂直下降特性(CC)电源及垂直陡降带短路补偿的等电弧电流(CAC)电源,测出了不同送丝速度下不同弧长的熔化特性曲线,并对曲线走向各部分进行了分析,得出最强的电弧固有自身调节作用是在上部短路过渡区。这是由于过渡形式的变化和接触型过渡熔滴尺寸(即短路频率)的变化引起的。同时给出了电弧固有自身调节作用的弧长恢复公式及弧长恢复时间常数,以及电弧自身调节作用,两种调节作用兼有的弧长恢复时间常数。利用CAC 电源配合等速送丝系统,测出了直径1.6mm 纯铝焊丝的电弧稳定燃烧区及一元化调节特性曲线。通过大量工艺试验证明,铝MIG 焊接的电弧固有自身调节作用是足够灵敏的,工艺容易实现,且具有电弧燃烧稳定,熔深均匀一致,焊缝成型美观等一系列优点,肯定了这一新工艺推广使用的价值。
In this paper, the inherent self-regulation, physical essence, formation mechanism and influencing factors of aluminum MIG welding arc were studied. The arc current (CAC) power supply with self-made arc demo device and CV (CV) power supply and vertical drop characteristic (CC) power supply and vertical steep drop with short circuit compensation was used to measure the melting of different arc lengths at different wire feed speeds Characteristic curves, and the analysis of the various parts of the curve to come to the conclusion that the strongest self-regulating role of the arc is in the upper short-circuit transition zone. This is due to changes in the transitional form and the contact transitional droplet size (ie short-circuit frequency) changes caused. At the same time, the arc length recovery formula and the arc length recovery time constant, as well as the arc self-regulation function and the arc length recovery time constant, which have both the self-regulating effect of the arc, are given. Utilizing CAC power supply and constant speed wire feeding system, the arc stable combustion zone and monolithic adjustment characteristic curve of 1.6mm diameter pure aluminum welding wire were measured. Through a large number of process tests, it has been proved that the inherent self-regulation function of the aluminum MIG welding arc is sufficiently sensitive and the process is easy to realize. The utility model has the advantages of stable arc burning, uniform penetration depth and beautiful appearance of the welding seam, Promote the use of value.