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近年来,用于高放废物深地质处置工程屏障的高压密膨润土越来越受到关注。经过全国范围内的比较和筛选,内蒙古兴和县高庙子膨润土矿床被确定为我国高放废物处置库缓冲材料的首选矿床。采用渗析法和水汽平衡法来控制吸力技术,通过土水特征曲线测定试验、环境扫描电镜和压汞试验,研究高庙子高压密膨润土在不同吸力下的持水特性及其微观结构特征。利用压汞试验结果推算膨润土在恒体积条件下的土水特征曲线,并与实测数据进行比较。研究结果表明:在不同吸力作用下,膨润土的持水特性与其微观结构之间有着密切关系。
In recent years, high-density bentonites used in the deep geological disposal project of high level waste have attracted more and more attention. After a nationwide comparison and screening, the Gaomiaozi Bentonite deposit in Xinghe County of Inner Mongolia was identified as the preferred deposit for cushioning materials for our country’s high-level radioactive waste disposal repository. The dialysis method and the water vapor balance method were used to control the suction technology. The characteristics of water holding capacity and microstructure of Gaomiaozi dense bentonite under different suction were studied by soil water characteristic curve test, environmental scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion test. Using the results of mercury intrusion test, the soil-water characteristic curves of bentonite under constant volume condition were calculated and compared with the measured data. The results show that there is a close relationship between the water holding capacity and the microstructure of bentonite under different suction forces.