苹果等多种果树及其常用砧木,通过种子繁殖,历来每粒种子最多只能获得一株苗。而且采收的种子多数须经数月,特别是山里红种子要经一至二年的层积处理,才能打破休眠,发芽、出苗。很多研究者出于完善果树育种手段的目的,通过离体培养的方法获得了柑桔(5)、(1)、(4),苹果(2),桃(3)的种胚培养生根苗或土培成活苗。基于解决从一粒种子能获多苗和尽量缩短苗期提早结果的问题,满足果树育苗和缩短新品种选 Apple and other fruit trees and their commonly used rootstocks, breeding through the seeds, traditionally every seed can only get a seedling. And the majority of seeds harvested must go through a few months, especially the mountain red seeds after one to two years of stratification, in order to break dormancy, germination, emergence. Many researchers, for the purpose of perfecting fruit tree breeding methods, obtained seedlings of seed embryos of citrus (5), (1), (4), apple (2) and peach (3) by in vitro culture Soil culture live seedlings. Based on the solution to the problem of obtaining multiple shoots from one seed and shortening the early result of seedling stage,