目的探讨涉外发热患者与疟原虫感染的相关性及流行病学特征。方法对出国务工返乡的4个人员以发热、寒颤为主要症状收住入院后,根据病史体征疑是疟疾而申请我科作外周血疟原虫检验。结果 4例患者均为疟原虫检验阳性。结论疫源地、气候、环境、传媒、易感人群是疟疾滋生、传播的主要因素和途径;临床医生丰富的经验和意识使患者即早进入疟疾拟拭;检验医师技术求精是确诊的关键。 Objective To investigate the relativity and epidemiological characteristics of Plasmodium infection in patients with fever. Methods Four workers who returned from their hometowns to China were admitted to hospital with fever and shivering as the main symptoms. According to the history and the history of the disease, malaria was suspected and applied to our department for the test of peripheral blood Plasmodium. Results All four patients were positive for Plasmodium test. Conclusion Epidemics, climate, environment, media and susceptible population are the main factors and ways of malaria breeding and spread. Clinicians’ abundant experience and awareness enable patients to swiftly malaria. Testing technician’s skill is the key to diagnosis .