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【目的】探讨7~12月婴儿注意发展的特点、影响因素及是否与气质存在相关性。【方法】75名正常婴儿给予球、车、书3个玩具,每个自由玩耍90 s,全程摄像,计算机回放录像,评估婴儿的注意时间包括专注注意和偶然注意的时间。4~12月婴儿气质量表由养育人填写,评定婴儿的气质类型及气质因子。【结果】对3个玩具的平均注意总时间为(28.8±12.9)s,专注注意时间(11.4±7.4)s,偶然注意时间为(17.4±8.3)s、专注注意短于偶然注意时间(t=4.7,P<0.01)。婴儿对3个玩具的注意时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),两两比较显示,婴儿对书的注意时间多于对车、球的注意时间,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而车与球之间的注意时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。未发现男、女及按月龄分为7.0月~、9.0月~、11.0~12.0月三组间的注意时间差异。婴儿各气质类型间的注意时间差异无统计学意义,Pearson相关分析显示,注意时间与各气质维度无相关性。【结论】7~12月婴儿的专注注意短于偶然注意,婴儿对不同玩具的注意保持时间的差异有统计学意义,注意时间与其气质无相关性。
【Objective】 To investigate the characteristics, influential factors and the relationship between temperament and the attentional development in infants from July to December. [Methods] 75 normal infants were given 3 balls, a car and a book, each of which was free to play for 90 seconds. The entire video was taken and the computer was used to play back the video. The evaluation of the baby’s attention time included time for focusing attention and accidental attention. 4 ~ December baby gas quality list by the parent to fill in, assess the type of baby’s temperament and temperament factor. 【Result】 The average attention time of the three toys was (28.8 ± 12.9) s, attention time (11.4 ± 7.4) s, attention time was (17.4 ± 8.3) s, attention time shorter than accidental attention time = 4.7, P <0.01). There was significant difference in the time of noticing the three toys between the two infants (P <0.01). The comparisons showed that infants had more attention on the book than on the car and the attention time of the ball (P <0.01) , While there was no significant difference in time between car and ball (P> 0.05). No differences were observed in the time taken for attention among men, women and men in the three groups according to month-old age, from 7.0 to 9 months, from 11.0 to 12.0 months. There was no significant difference in attention time between infants’ temperament types. Pearson correlation analysis showed no correlation between attention time and temperament dimension. 【Conclusion】 During the period from July to December, the attention of babies was shorter than that of occasional ones. The differences of keeping time of babies from different toys were statistically significant. There was no correlation between time and temperament.