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曾经孕育过灿烂的古代文明的印第安人有着独特的多元性别文化。与传统二分的性别观念不同,印第安人多元性别文化强调性别所承载的精神内涵和文化意义,主张性别身份的不固定性,男女部族成员可以根据自己的期望、价值观念以及部族需要跨界成为“女子气的男子”或是“男子气的女子”。这些印第安部族性别跨界者被认为具有灵性力量,在部族社会中扮演着特殊的角色,受到族人的尊敬,享有较高部族地位。毫无疑问,这种极具印第安民族色彩的性别文化挑战了西方思维下的二元性别模式,构建了一个多层面的性别视角。虽然被白人殖民文化视为异类而遭到质疑和抹杀,印第安多元性别文化质朴灿烂,自成体系,是人类文化体系中的组成部分,人类文化也因此充满多样性和异质性。
Indians who once gave birth to splendid ancient civilizations have a unique and diverse gender culture. Different from the traditional dichotomy of gender, Indian Indochinese diversity emphasizes the spiritual connotation and cultural significance of gender and advocates the uncertainty of gender identity. The tribal members of men and women can cross the border according to their own expectations, values and tribal needs. “Impatient man” or “macho woman.” These Indian tribal gender transborders are considered to have spiritual power, play a special role in tribal societies, are respected by tribal communities and enjoy a higher tribal status. Undoubtedly, this highly ethnically colored gender culture challenges the dual gender model under Western thinking and creates a multi-faceted gender perspective. Although being questioned and denied by the white colonial culture as a heterogeneous, Indian multivariate gender culture is a splendid, self-contained system that is part of the human cultural system and human culture is therefore full of diversity and heterogeneity.