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目的了解河南省饮水型氟中毒病区病情现状,为防治工作提供科学依据。方法按照《河南省2010年地方病防治项目技术方案》要求,在饮水型氟中毒病区抽取10个县(区),在每个县(区)随机抽取10个降氟改水工程,采用分层抽样方法按照轻、中、重原则随机抽取3个病区村。进行水氟含量及8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况监测。结果在10个县(区)共监测100个降氟改水工程,99个能正常运行,改水工程水氟含量超标率21%(21/100)。共调查30个病区村,其中8个为已改水病区村,降氟改水工程水氟含量全部合格,8～12岁儿童氟斑牙的总检出率52.71%(496/941),缺损率5.84%(55/941),氟斑牙指数1.19,流行强度中等;22个为未改水病区村,8～12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率为47.34%(1015/2144),缺损型氟斑牙检出率为13.29%(285/2144),氟斑牙指数为1.15,流行强度中等。结论河南省改水工程水氟含量超标现象依然严重,氟中毒危害仍然较重。因此,应加强改水工程建设的科学论证和竣工时工程验收,杜绝不合格工程投入使用;坚持定期开展水质监测,对水质超标工程及时进行整改。
Objective To understand the status quo of drinking water fluorosis in Henan Province and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment. Methods Ten counties (districts) were drawn in drinking water type fluorosis area according to the requirements of “Henan province 2010 endemic disease prevention and control project technical plan”, and 10 fluoride reduction and water diversion projects were randomly selected in each county (district) Sampling method according to the light, medium and heavy principles randomly selected 3 ward village. Fluoride content of water and children aged 8 to 12 dental fluorosis monitoring. Results A total of 100 fluoride removal water improvement projects were monitored in 10 counties (districts), and 99 of them were able to operate normally. The fluorine content exceeded 21% (21/100) of the water quality of the water diversion project. A total of 30 ward villages were surveyed. Among them, 8 were water-contaminated villages, and the fluorine content in all water-reducing projects was 52.71% (496/941) , The rate of deformity was 5.84% (55/941), the dental fluorosis index was 1.19, and the epidemic intensity was moderate. Twenty-two of them were villages with no water-deficit disease. The detection rate of dental fluorosis was 47.34% (1015/2144) , The detection rate of dental fluorosis was 13.29% (285/2144), the dental fluorosis index was 1.15, and the prevalence was moderate. Conclusion It is still serious that the fluorine content in water diversion project in Henan Province is still excessive, and the damage caused by fluorosis is still serious. Therefore, scientific demonstration of water diversion project construction and project acceptance at the time of completion should be strengthened so as to prevent unqualified projects from being put into use. Water quality monitoring should be carried out on a regular basis so as to make timely rectification of excessive water quality projects.